EQUATION1330 V1 EN-US
Positive sequence source impedance behind B bus
EQUATION1331 V1 EN-US
Maximum expected load in direction from A to B (with minimum
system operating voltage U
min
)
EQUATION1332 V1 EN-US
Power factor at maximum line loading
EQUATION1333 V1 EN-US
Maximum expected load angle
EQUATION1334 V1 EN-US
Maximum possible initial frequency of power oscillation
EQUATION1335 V1 EN-US
Maximum possible consecutive frequency of power oscillation
The minimum load impedance at minimum expected system voltage is equal to
equation 76.
2 2
min
min
max
380
144.4
1000
L
U
Z
S
= = = W
EQUATION1337 V1 EN-US (Equation 76)
The minimum load resistance R
Lmin
at maximum load and minimum system
voltage is equal to equation 77.
( )
min min max
cos 144.4 0.95 137.2
L L
R Z
j
= × = × = W
EQUATION1338 V1 EN-US
(Equation 77)
The system impedance Z
S
is determined as a sum of all impedances in an
equivalent two-machine system, see figure 67. Its value is calculated according to
equation 78.
( )
1 1 1
17.16 154.8
S SA L SB
Z Z Z Z j= + + = + W
EQUATION1339 V1 EN-US
(Equation 78)
The calculated value of the system impedance is of informative nature and helps in
determining the position of the oscillation center, see figure 68, which is for a
general case calculated according to equation 79.
1MRK 505 393-UEN B Section 7
Impedance protection
Line differential protection RED650 2.2 IEC 137
Application manual