Measurements (18-0015) AM-48 Test Set
0015-S088-8
Effect of Nonlinear Distortion . Nonlinear (Intermodulation)
Distortion can similarly affect the P/AR reading. The effect depends
on whether the second or third order products dominate as the source
of the distortion. If the third order products dominate, they increase
or decrease the P/AR value, depending upon the sign of the added
products.
8.8 Gain Slope
Gain slope (sometimes referred to as attenuation distortion)
measurements are similar to a level/frequency measurement, except
that the level measurement is made at several different frequencies in
order to determine the loss (or gain) on the line at different
frequencies. The AM-48 SEND 3TONE will repeatedly send 5-second
intervals each of 404 Hz, 1004 Hz, and 2804 Hz. The AM-48E SEND
SLOPE will repeatedly send 5-second intervals each of 404 Hz, 1004
Hz, 2004 Hz, and 3004 Hz.
Because it is desirable to express the
difference in loss at different
frequencies, this measurement is usually done on a
relative level
basis. The two (2) methods that can be used with the AM-48 to
measure gain slope are outlined below:
Gain Slope Using <ABS> Measure .
1. Set Switch 2 of near end AM-48 to <ABS>.
2. Read the level at the near end of the line while the far end
AM-48 is in SEND 3TONE (SLOPE
for AM-48E).
3. Note the least loss and most loss readings.
4. Calculate the difference between the least loss and most loss
readings. This is the gain slope of the line.
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