FRONT AXLE
5-7
D569-W02 May-2003
3.2 FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Front wheel alignment is a term given to mean four
angle settings in three dimensions: camber, kingpin
inclination, toe-in and caster angle. These angle set-
tings are made for the following purposes.
(1) Camber
The front wheels are tilted from the vertical as viewed
from the front, the wheels are farther apart at the top
than at the bottom. This inclination is called camber.
Camber reduces rolling resistance of the wheels, and
also minimizes bending or twisting of the front axle.
(3) King pin inclination
The kingpin is tilted from the vertical as viewed from
the front. This inclination is called kingpin inclination.
As with the camber, king pin inclination reduces rolling
resistance of the wheels, and prevents any shimmy
motion of the steering wheel. It also reduces steering
effort.
569W502A
569W503A
(2) Caster
The kingpin is tilted backward as viewed from the side.
That is, the intersection (a) made by the center line of
the kingpin shaft and the ground is ahead of the inter-
section (b) made by the center line of the wheel and
ground. This inclination is called caster. Caster helps
provide steering stability. As with the kingpin inclination,
caster reduces steering effort.
569W505A
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