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8 Indications and contra-indications
It is up to the professional user to decide for which indications the devices can and can not be used.
Following the ACSM recommendations for preparticipation health screening, the professional user should
screen every patient by a self-reported medical history or health risk appraisal questionnaire.
The need and degree of follow-up is determined by the answers to these self-guided methods.
Patients diagnosed with the following disease, should consult with their physician prior to initiating a physical
activity program:
• Cardiovascular disease: Cardiac, peripheral vascular, or cerebrovascular disease.
• Pulmonary: COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, or cystic fibrosis.
• Metabolic: Diabetes mellitus (Types 1 and 2) or renal disease.
Patients reporting or showing the following symptoms, should consult with their physician prior to initiating a
physical activity program:
• Pain, discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, arms or other areas that may result from ischemia
• Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion
• Dizziness or syncope
• Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
• Ankle edema
• Palpitations or tachycardia
• Intermittent claudication
• Known heart murmur
• Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities
Individuals at moderate risk with two or more CVD risk factors from the list below, should be encouraged to
consult with their physician prior to initiating a vigorous intensity, physical activity program. These risk factors
include:
• You are a man ≥45 yr
• You are a woman ≥55 yr
• You smoke or quit smoking within the previous 6 months
• Your blood pressure is ≥140/90 mm Hg
• You do not know your blood pressure
• You take blood pressure medication
• Your blood cholesterol level is ≥200 mg ∙ dL -1
• You do not know your cholesterol level
• You have a close blood relative who had a heart attack or heart surgery before age 55 (father or brother)
or age 65 (mother or sister)
• You are physically inactive (i.e., you get <30 min of physical activity on at least 3 d per week) You have a
body mass index 30 kg ∙m-2
• You have prediabetes
• You do not know if you have prediabetes
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