depending on the individual. It is not possible to provide precise and generally applicable
information on the symptoms of an oxygen deficiency.
Example: under normal conditions (20° C; 1013 mbars) 1 l liquid nitrogen evaporates to produce
680 l nitrogen gas.
2.8.2 Causes
An oxygen deficiency may arise during the following work or in the following conditions:
– Nitrogen as liquid or gas
– Natural evaporation of liquid nitrogen
– Refilling of liquid nitrogen
– Leaks in containers for liquid or gaseous nitrogen
– Defect in the air feed or outlet
– Tipping over of the container
This list is not complete.
2.8.3 Recommendations
In order to prevent the danger of an oxygen deficiency, the following measures must be taken.
The vessel
• must be kept in a vertical position.
• must be provided with a suitable insulating lid.
• must be protected from direct sunlight and may not be set up near heat sources.
• may not be transported in vehicles in filled state.
• must be protected from impact, knocks and rapid movements.
• Ventilate all installation rooms constantly and appropriately.
• Wear protective clothing (suitable gloves, goggles or face protection and safety shoes).
• Check the oxygen content of the room constantly.
• Always carry an oxygen metre.
• Only trained personnel may work with liquid nitrogen.
This list is not complete.
2.8.4 General conduct in the case of an accident
In the case of an accident from oxygen deficiency the following regulations should be observed.
• Secure the surrounding area to avoid any subsequent accidents.
• Act quickly.
• The rescuers must take measures to protect themselves (respiratory protection device).
• Move the injured persons from the hazardous area.
• Observe the company instructions for emergencies.
• Ventilate the rooms affected sufficiently.
• Investigate the cause of the accident.
This list is not complete.
2.9 Safety instructions on the handling of liquid nitrogen (Cryogenic burns)
Liquid nitrogen is very cold (-196 °C).
The surfaces of vessels that were in contact in liquid nitrogen (in particular during the filling
process) may cause skin burns on contact.
2.9.1 Dangers
Cryogenic liquids may:
– bring about burns to the human body
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