8-12 Service Guide N5230-90024
General Purpose Maintenance Procedures PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers
Error Terms N5230C
Reflection Tracking (E
RF
and E
RR
)
Reflection tracking is the difference between the frequency response of the reference path (R1 or R2path)
and the frequency response of the reflection test path (A or B input path). These error terms are
characterized by measuring the reflection (S
11
, S
22
) of the open and the short during the measurement
calibration.
All reflection measurements are affected by the reflection tracking errors.
Typical Cause of Failure The calibration kit open or short is the most common cause of reflection tracking
specification failure.
If the open or short performance has been independently verified, suspect the following:
•If both E
RF
and E
RR
fail
— suspect the analyzer switch splitter
• If one of the track term specification fails
—suspect the coupler, step attenuator, or the test receiver of the failed port
To troubleshoot, refer to “Checking the Receiver Group” on page 4-40 or to “Checking the Signal Separation
Group” on page 4-36.
Transmission Tracking (E
TF
and E
TR
)
Transmission tracking is the difference between the frequency response of the reference path (including the
R input) and the frequency response of the transmission test path (including the A or B input) while
measuring transmission. The response of the test port cables is included. These terms are characterized by
measuring the transmission (S
21
, S
12
) of the “thru” configuration during the measurement calibration.
All transmission measurements are affected by transmission tracking errors.
Typical Cause of Failure The test port cable is the most common cause of transmission tracking
specification failure.
If the test port cable performance has been independently verified, suspect the following:
•If both E
TF
and E
TR
fail
— suspect the analyzer switch splitter
• If one of the track term specification fails
—suspect the coupler, step attenuator, or the test receiver of the failed port
To troubleshoot, refer to “Checking the Receiver Group” on page 4-40 or to “Checking the Signal Separation
Group” on page 4-36.