4.7.6 NEL # reactive overload.............................................................................................................................................................................................123
4.8 Input alarms............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 123
4.8.1 Digital input (DI) alarms..............................................................................................................................................................................................123
4.8.2 Analogue input (AI) alarms....................................................................................................................................................................................... 124
4.9 Miscellaneous alarms.........................................................................................................................................................................................................125
4.9.1 System not OK............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 125
4.9.2 Critical process error................................................................................................................................................................................................... 126
4.9.3 Required I/O card(s) not found................................................................................................................................................................................126
4.9.4 Software mismatch on hardware module(s)......................................................................................................................................................126
4.9.5 System power management network error........................................................................................................................................................ 126
4.9.6 Power management rules network error.............................................................................................................................................................126
4.9.7 Priority error.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................127
4.9.8 Controller ID not configured......................................................................................................................................................................................127
4.9.9 Configuration update delayed..................................................................................................................................................................................127
4.9.10 Trip AVR output not configured.............................................................................................................................................................................127
4.10 Advanced blackout prevention...................................................................................................................................................................................128
4.10.1 Advanced blackout prevention function............................................................................................................................................................ 128
4.10.2 Calculating the load sharing error....................................................................................................................................................................... 131
4.10.3 P load sharing failure (low frequency) on DG.................................................................................................................................................132
4.10.4 P load sharing failure (high frequency) on DG...............................................................................................................................................133
4.10.5 Q load sharing failure (low voltage) on DG..................................................................................................................................................... 134
4.10.6 Q load sharing failure (high voltage) on DG....................................................................................................................................................135
4.10.7 Overload on DG.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 135
4.10.8 Reverse power on DG..............................................................................................................................................................................................136
4.10.9 Reactive power export on DG...............................................................................................................................................................................136
4.10.10 Reactive power import on DG............................................................................................................................................................................ 137
4.10.11 Over-current on DG.................................................................................................................................................................................................137
5. Breakers, synchronisation and de-loading
5.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................139
5.1.1 Introduction to synchronisation and de-loading................................................................................................................................................139
5.1.2 Regulation required for synchronisation..............................................................................................................................................................139
5.1.3 Regulation required for de-loading........................................................................................................................................................................ 140
5.2 Synchronisation in each control mode.....................................................................................................................................................................140
5.2.1 Synchronisation in AUTO mode............................................................................................................................................................................. 140
5.2.2 Synchronisation in SEMI mode...............................................................................................................................................................................140
5.2.3 Synchronisation under switchboard control.......................................................................................................................................................141
5.3 Configuring breakers..........................................................................................................................................................................................................142
5.3.1 Breaker commands...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 142
5.3.2 Pulse breaker..................................................................................................................................................................................................................142
5.3.3 Compact breaker...........................................................................................................................................................................................................145
5.3.4 Continuous breaker......................................................................................................................................................................................................147
5.3.5 Redundant breaker feedback.................................................................................................................................................................................. 150
5.3.6 External breaker............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 150
5.3.7 Short circuit, and short circuit close attempts................................................................................................................................................... 151
5.3.8 Breaker state outputs.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 151
5.4 Synchronisation functions.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 152
5.4.1 Dynamic synchronisation...........................................................................................................................................................................................152
5.4.2 Static synchronisation................................................................................................................................................................................................. 156
DESIGNER'S HANDBOOK 4189340911K UK Page 5 of 521
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