will also arm the FMS vertical mode if a VNV
profile has been programmed. The pilot should
select the FD APP button when established
on or intercepting the final approach segment,
while outside the FAF. The FMS lateral mode
must be engaged prior to VNV engaging the
final approach path.
If a VNV profile is not programmed, selection
of APP engages the FMS lateral mode, but
not the vertical mode.
At a radial distance of 50 NM from the desti-
nation airport (not distance along the flight-
plan route), the FMS approach mode is
available. When the FMS has sequenced onto
the first leg of a STAR procedure or the FMS
approach has been armed, “TERM” is annun-
ciated next to the nav source annunciator on
the PFD (Figure 16-32). This annunciation
indicates a change in CDI scaling from 5 NM
to 1 NM for full scale deflection.
At a distance of 2 NM inbound to the final ap-
proach fix, or if “ACTIVATE APPROACH” is
selected, “APP” is annunciated (replacing
“TERM”) next to the nav source annunciator
(Figure 16-32). This annunciation change in-
dicates the approach is valid and activated, and
there is a change in CDI scaling from 1 NM
to 0.3 NM for full scale deflection. If the ap-
proach is canceled, the FMS has sequenced to
the missed approach, or GA is selected,
“TERM” will again annunciate indicating the
scaling has changed from 0.3 NM to 1 NM for
full scale deflection.
FD Vertical Modes
SPD Knob
The rotary SPD knob (Figure 16-46, page 16-
78) is used to change the IAS/Mach speed ref-
erence (SPD mode) and the vertical speed
reference (VS mode). The airspeed bug
(IAS/Mach) is always in view on the airspeed
tape, even when the SPD mode is not selected.
The speed knob changes the bug airspeed at
any time, as long as VS is not selected. When
VS mode is engaged, rotation of the SPD knob
changes the digital vertical speed reference and
the vertical speed bug position.
The integral PUSH IAS/M button within the
SPD knob is used to toggle the airspeed tape
between IAS and Mach.
SPD (Speed)
Depressing the SPD button engages the speed
hold mode (IAS or Mach) on both FDs. The
FD will command pitch change as necessary
to maintain the speed that existed at the time
of engagement. The airspeed bug is positioned
on the right side of the airspeed tape at the
speed that existed at engagement (Figure 16-
31). A magenta digital readout of that speed
also appears at the top of the airspeed tape.
Depressing the SPD button holds the speed ref-
erence as displayed on the tape. If IAS is dis-
played, then SPD is IAS referenced; if Mach
is displayed, SPD is Mach referenced. The
SPD mode will not automatically switch from
IAS to Mach or vice-versa.
VS (Vertical Speed)
Depressing the VS button engages the verti-
cal speed hold mode on both FDs. The FD
commands pitch changes to hold the vertical
speed that existed at the time of engagement.
Once engaged, the vertical speed bug posi-
tions on the inner side of the vertical speed
scale and a digital readout appears above the
vertical speed indicator (Figure 16-34). The
maximum selectable vertical speed is +
6,000
fpm.
FLC (Flight Level Change)
Depressing the FLC button once engages the
normal climb/descent profile on both PFDs.
Depressing it a second time selects the high
speed climb/descent schedule. A third de-
pression deselects the mode. The FD chooses
between the climb and descent schedule based
upon the airplane’s present altitude and the pre-
selected target altitude.
The FD annunciation on the PFD is FLC for
the normal climb/descent profile and FLCH for
LEARJET 45 PILOT TRAINING MANUAL
16-88
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
FlightSafety
international
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