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Omicron CP TD1 Reference Manual
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43
Capacitance and Dissipation Facto
r Measurement
The dielectric losses in the insulation are cau
sed by:
•
movement of conductive particles
•
movement of ions and electrons
•
polariza
tion effects (Figu
re 5-4)
Figure
5-4
Kind of polariz
ation
Kind of polar
ization
Suspension
Rotation
Electrons
Ions
Dipoles
completely
reversible
partly reversible
partly irreversible
All Material
Glass
Water
Porcelain
Polar Plastics
Salt
Polar Ceramics
42
44
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
3
Default Chapter
3
Table of Contents
3
Using this Manual
7
Safety Rules
9
1 Introduction
15
Designated Use
15
Functional Components of the CPC 100 and CP TD1
16
Functional Components of the CP TD1
18
Grounding Terminal and Booster Input
18
Serial Interface Connector and Measuring Inputs
18
High-Voltage Connector
19
2 Operation
21
Measurement Setup
21
Setup of Devices with Trolley
21
Setup of Devices Without Trolley
21
CP TD1 Connected to a Test Object
22
CP TD1 Connected to CP CAL1
23
Calibrating the CP TD1 Using a Reference Capacitor
23
Calibration Tips
24
3 Test Cards
25
Tandelta Test Card - Main Page (1/2)
25
Tandelta Test Card - Main Page (2/2)
28
Tandelta Test Card - Settings Page (1/2)
29
Tandelta Test Card - Settings Page (2/2)
30
Templates
31
4 Application
33
Preparations in Substation
33
Connection
33
Measurement
35
Disconnection
36
5 Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Measurement
39
Theory
39
Measurement of Capacitance and Dissipation Factor / Power Factor
54
UST" and "GST" Measurements Using the Guard Technology
58
References
63
6 Power Transformers
65
Introduction
65
Capacitance and DF Measurement of Transformer Windings
70
Three-Winding Transformer
72
Two-Winding Transformer
85
Auto-Transformer
87
Reactors
88
Transformer High-Voltage Bushing Tests
88
Interpretation of Measurement Results
88
Dissipation Factor Measurement
88
Capacitance Measurement
89
References
89
7 Capacitance and DF Measurement on High-Voltage Bushings
91
Introduction
91
Types of Bushings
91
Bushing Troubles
94
Capacitance and DF Measurement on High-Voltage Bushings
96
Ungrounded Specimen Test (UST)
97
Grounded Specimen Test (GST)
99
Hot Collar Test
99
Interpretation of Measurement Results
104
References
107
8 Capacitance and DF Measurement of Generators and Motors
109
9 Capacitance and DF Measurement of Circuit Breakers
111
Introduction
111
Oil Circuit Breakers (Dead Tank)
111
Oil Poor Circuit Breakers (Live Tank)
112
SF6 Circuit Breakers (Dead Tank with Bushings)
112
Vacuum Circuit Breakers
112
Air Magnetic Circuit Breakers
113
Oil Circuit Reclosers
113
10 Capacitance and DF Measurement of Overvoltage Arresters
115
11 Technical Data
119
Technical Data of the CP TD1 in Combination with the CPC 100
119
High-Voltage Output
119
Measurements
119
Environmental Conditions
123
CE Conformity and Safety Standards
124
Cleaning
124
Accessories
125
Cables and Clamps
125
Optional Accessories
126
Ordering Information
127
12 Appendix
129
Parallel and Serial Equivalent Circuit Diagrams
129
Negative DF Measurements
130
Two- and Three-Winding Transformer Tests (IEEE C57.12.90)
132
Limits for Test Voltages for C2 Testing on Bushings
133
C2 Measurement on High-Voltage Bushings
133
Abstract
133
Introduction
134
Design/Construction of C1 and C2 Capacitance in Condenser Bushings
134
Factors Affecting C1, C2 Capacitance and Power Factor Measurements
136
Conclusions
140
Biography
141
References
141
DF Limits of RBP Bushings (Micafil AG)
142
DF Limits of Bushings (B)
143
DF Limits of Bushings (C)
144
Transformer Diagnosis
146
Introduction
147
Methods of Analysis
149
Fault Localization
150
Winding Resistance Measurement and On-Load Tap Changer Test
151
Four-Wire Connection for Transformer Winding Resistance Measurement
155
Safety Aspects
156
Delta-Connected Windings
157
Winding Resistance Measurement of a 100 MVA Transformer
158
Dynamic Behavior of the Diverter Switch
162
12.9.10 Turns Ratio
163
12.9.11 Excitation Current
165
12.9.12 Leakage Reactance
166
12.9.13 Capacitance and DF Measurement
169
12.9.14 DF Measurements on Transformer Windings
174
12.9.15 Capacitance Measurements on Transformer Windings
175
Capacitance and DF Measurements on Transformer Bushings
175
Summary
179
12.10 References
180
Temperature Correction Factors
181
12.11.1 Transformers
181
12.11.2 Bushings
182
OMICRON Service Centers
185
Index
187
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Omicron CP TD1 Specifications
General
Brand
Omicron
Model
CP TD1
Category
Measuring Instruments
Language
English
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