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57. Pre-flight fuel planning for cross country operations is essential. Pre-flight fuel planning
must incorporate the following:
a. allow for fuel consumed during start, run-up, taxi, and takeoff. A typical planning
figure is 1 USG;
b. allow for fuel consumed during the climb to cruising altitude. Refer to Figure 4-10
for Time / Fuel / Distance to Climb data;
c. allow for forecast winds aloft and the effect on estimated time en-route;
d. allow for fuel that may be consumed by reasonably foreseeable contingencies
such as airport departure and arrival procedures, en-route altitude changes, en-
route course variations for weather, routing changes directed by ATC, etc;
e. incorporate an appropriate VFR fuel reserve. Canadian Aviation Regulations
require that pre-flight planning allows for a minimum fuel reserve of:
(1) 30 minutes for daytime operations, and
(2) 45 minutes for night operations.
f. identify en-route locations for possible fuel stops; and
g. when operating in areas with long distances between aerodromes with fuel
services, determine a “point-of-no-return” (PNR) beyond which you are committed
to continuing to your destination. PNR represents a critical decision gate for en-
route fuel management.
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