-
-
-
- 80 -
-
-
-
C
C
C
C hapter12
hapter12
hapter12
hapter12 SpO
SpO
SpO
SpO
2
2
2
2
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.1 What
What
What
What is
is
is
is SpO
SpO
SpO
SpO
2
2
2
2
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
SpO
2
Plethysmogram measurement is employed to determine the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in
the arterial blood. If, for example, 97% hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells of the arterial blood
combine with oxygen, then the blood has a SpO
2
oxygen saturation of 97%. The SpO
2
numeric on the
monitor will read 97% .The SpO
2
numeric shows the percentage of hemoglobin molecules which have
combined with oxygen molecules to form oxyhemoglobin. The SpO
2
/PLETH parameter can also
provide a pulse rate signal and a plethysmogram wave.
How
How
How
How the
the
the
the SpO
SpO
SpO
SpO
2
2
2
2
/
/
/
/ PLETH
PLETH
PLETH
PLETH Parameter
Parameter
Parameter
Parameter Works
Works
Works
Works
■ Arterial oxygen saturation is measured by a method called pulse oximeter. It is a continuous,
non-invasive method based on the different absorption spectra of reduced hemoglobin and
oxyhemoglobin. It measures how much light, sent from light sources on one side of the sensor, is
transmitted through patient tissue (such as a finger or an ear), to a receiver on the other side.
The sensor measurement wavelengths are nominally 660nm for the Red LED and 940 nm for
Infrared LED. Maximum optical power output for LED is 4 mW.
■ The amount of light transmitted depends on many factors, most of which are constant. However,
one of these factors, the blood flow in the arteries, varies with time, because it is pulsating. By
measuring the light absorption during a pulsation, it is possible to derive the oxygen saturation of
the arterial blood. Detecting the pulsation gives a PLETH waveform and pulse rate signal.
■ The SpO
2
value and the PLETH waveform can be displayed on the main screen.
■ SPO
2
is a non-invasive measurement of the functional oxygen saturation.
Warning
Warning
Warning
Warning
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse oximeter
oximeter
oximeter
oximeter can
can
can
can overestimate
overestimate
overestimate
overestimate the
the
the
the SpO
SpO
SpO
SpO
2
2
2
2
value
value
value
value in
in
in
in the
the
the
the presence
presence
presence
presence of
of
of
of Hb-CO,
Hb-CO,
Hb-CO,
Hb-CO, Met-Hb
Met-Hb
Met-Hb
Met-Hb or
or
or
or dye
dye
dye
dye
dilution
dilution
dilution
dilution chemicals.
chemicals.
chemicals.
chemicals.
SpO
SpO
SpO
SpO
2
2
2
2
/
/
/
/ Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Warning
Warning
Warning
Warning
ES
ES
ES
ES (Electrosurgery)
(Electrosurgery)
(Electrosurgery)
(Electrosurgery) equipment
equipment
equipment
equipment wire
wire
wire
wire and
and
and
and SpO
SpO
SpO
SpO
2
2
2
2
cable
cable
cable
cable must
must
must
must not
not
not
not be
be
be
be tangled
tangled
tangled
tangled up.
up.
up.
up.
Warning
Warning
Warning
Warning
Do
Do
Do
Do not
not
not
not put
put
put
put the
the
the
the sensor
sensor
sensor
sensor on
on
on
on extremities
extremities
extremities
extremities with
with
with
with arterial
arterial
arterial
arterial catheter
catheter
catheter
catheter or
or
or
or venous
venous
venous
venous syringe
syringe
syringe
syringe .
.
.
.
N
N
N
N ote
ote
ote
ote
Do
Do
Do
Do not
not
not
not perform
perform
perform
perform SpO
SpO
SpO
SpO
2
2
2
2
measuring
measuring
measuring
measuring and
and
and
and NIBP
NIBP
NIBP
NIBP measuring
measuring
measuring
measuring on
on
on
on same
same
same
same arm
arm
arm
arm at
at
at
at one
one
one
one time,
time,
time,
time, because
because
because
because
obstruction
obstruction
obstruction
obstruction of
of
of
of blood
blood
blood
blood flow
flow
flow
flow during
during
during
during NIBP
NIBP
NIBP
NIBP measuring
measuring
measuring
measuring may
may
may
may adversely
adversely
adversely
adversely affect
affect
affect
affect the
the
the
the reading
reading
reading
reading of
of
of
of SpO
SpO
SpO
SpO
2
2
2
2
value.
value.
value.
value.
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