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Bending Terminology
OD: Outside diameter of pipe or tube.
ID: Inside diameter of pipe or tube.
Wall thickness: Pipe wall thickness is measured in terms of schedule (i.e. 5, 10, 40). Tube wall thickness
is measured in terms of gauge (i.e. 16 gauge = .065).
Center Line Radius (CLR): Exact measured distance from centerline of tooling to centerline of material’s
neutral axis.
Degree of bend angle: Number of degrees required in a bend - right angle requires 90° of bend.
Springback: A material’s tendency to return to its original shape after bending.
Ovality: Amount of distortion created in the cross section of pipe or tube from a normal round shape.
Tangent points: The two points at which bend starts and ends.
Distance between bends: Straight section between two tangent points of bends.
Tensile strength: Point at which material is stretched beyond yield strength.
Center former: Forming tool with a specic prole and CLR designed to allow workpiece to form around
edge to desired angle.
Counterbending die: Tool designed to apply counter pressure to workspace and secure workpiece against
center former.
Rotary draw bending: Material drawn through stationary counterbending die onto xed radii former tooling
to desired bend angle.
Material Selection
Before bending any material you should know the following:
1. Outside and inside physical dimensions
2. Wall thickness
3. ASTM specications
4. Desired CLR radius
5. Degree of bend
6. Minimum distance between bends
7. Number of bends required per day
03/2015TB100/TB130
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