FUNS
The FUN Equations
17-3
need to go to the LAYER page and set the PBMode parameter to a value of Off to keep Pitch 
Wheel messages from interfering with the test model.
Now select the Function parameter, and scroll through the list of equations. Move your MIDI 
controllerÕs Mod Wheel and Data slider as you play, and listen to their effects. Actually listening 
to the various effects while reading the explanations below will help your understanding. In the 
model weÕve set up here, Inputs a and b are both unipolar. The effect of each equation will differ 
depending on the type of controls you assign to the inputs. There are four possible 
combinations: both inputs unipolar; both inputs bipolar; Input a unipolar with Input b bipolar; 
Input a bipolar with Input b unipolar.
The FUN Equations
In this section weÕll describe how each of the FUN equations works. In some cases, a small 
graph will accompany the explanation. HereÕs how to interpret the graphs.
Each graph shows a curve illustrating the effect of the equations on the input signals. The 
horizontal axis represents the possible values of the input to the FUN (the combined control 
signals of Inputs a and b). The vertical axis represents the possible values of the FUNÕs output 
signal. The four elements in the diagram below show you how to read these graphs:
a) the curve representing the effect of the FUNÕs equation on every possible input value
b) one point on that curve, representing a single input value and the corresponding output 
value generated by the FUNÕs equation
c) the input value represented by the point
d) the output value represented by the point
Figure 17-1 Interpreting FUN Graphs
For any point on the equationÕs curve, you can determine the input value by tracing a line from 
the point to the horizontal axis. Similarly, you can determine the output value by tracing a line 
from the point to the vertical axis. For the point shown in the example above, the combined 
values of the control signals of Inputs a and b equal about -.5, which translates to an output 
-1
-1
1
1
•
a
d
c
b