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ST STM32 Application Note

ST STM32
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Contents AN2834
2/49 DocID15067 Rev 3
Contents
1 ADC internal principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1 SAR ADC internal structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 ADC errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1 Errors due to the ADC itself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.1 Offset error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.2 Gain error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.3 Differential linearity error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.4 Integral linearity error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.5 Total unadjusted error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2 Errors due to the ADC environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.1 Reference voltage noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.2 Reference voltage / power supply regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.3 External reference voltage parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.4 Analog input signal noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.5 ADC dynamic range bad match for maximum input signal amplitude . . 18
2.2.6 Effect of the analog signal source resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.7 Effect of source capacitance and parasitic capacitance of the PCB . . . 19
2.2.8 Injection current effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.9 Temperature influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.10 I/O pin crosstalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.11 EMI-induced noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3 How to get the best ADC accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1 Reduce the effects of ADC-related ADC errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2 Minimize ADC errors related to external environment of ADC . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.1 Reference voltage / Power supply noise minimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.2 Reference voltage / Power-supply regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2.3 Analog-input signal noise elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2.4 Adding white noise or triangular sweep to improve resolution . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.5 Matching the ADC dynamic range to the maximum signal amplitude . . 26
3.2.6 Analog source resistance calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.2.7 Source frequency condition vs. source and parasitic capacitors . . . . . . 30
3.2.8 Temperature-effect compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

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ST STM32 Specifications

General IconGeneral
SeriesSTM32
CategoryMicrocontrollers
CoreARM Cortex-M0, Cortex-M0+, Cortex-M3, Cortex-M4, Cortex-M7, Cortex-M33
Clock SpeedUp to 480 MHz
GPIO PinsUp to 144
Communication InterfacesI2C, SPI, USART, USB, CAN, Ethernet
Package TypesLQFP, BGA, WLCSP
ADC Resolution12-bit, 16-bit (varies by series)
DAC Resolution12-bit (varies by series)
Operating Temperature-40°C to +85°C or +105°C

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