© 2016 Thorlabs Scientific Imaging
2 Camera Basics
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2.3.4 Hot Pixels
Definition
Hot pixels (or in a broader sense, defective pixels) are pixels that do not react linearly to incident
light – or do not react at all. They occur for various reasons, such as contamination during sensor
production or sensor age, and with both CCD and CMOS sensors. CCD sensors generally have
fewer hot pixels than CMOS sensors under the same operating conditions. With darkened sensors
and prolonged exposure times, hot pixels are visible as individual bright dots in the image. The
following factors promote the occurrence of hot pixels:
Long exposure times
High gain settings
High sensor operating temperature
Hot pixels detected in a monochrome camera
Hot pixels detected in a color camera
Hot pixel correction
During the manufacture of our cameras, all sensors that will be used in DCx Cameras are checked
for hot pixels. In the process, images are taken with a darkened sensor and long exposure times.
Pixels with a brightness higher than a specific value are classified as hot pixels. A list of the
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