8.6. Calculation Package References
1. Gestational Age and Estimated Fetal Weight via Fetal Biometrics
a. Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK. Estimating fetal age: computer-assisted analysis of multiple
fetal growth parameters. Radiology. 1984 Aug;152(2):497-501.
b. Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Carpenter RJ, Deter RL, Park SK. Sonographic estimation of fetal weight. The
value of femur length in addition to head and abdomen measurements. Radiology. 1984 Feb;150(2):535-4.
c. Anderson NG, Jolley IJ, Wells JE. Sonographic estimation of fetal weight: comparison of bias, precision and
consistency using 12 different formulae. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Official Journal of
the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007 Aug;30(2):173-9.
2. Amniotic Fluid Index
a. Phelan JP, Ahn MO, Smith CV, Rutherford SE, Anderson E. Amniotic fluid index measurements during
pregnancy. The Journal of reproductive medicine. 1987 Aug;32(8):601-4.
3. Crown Rump Length
a. Hadlock FP, Shah YP, Kanon DJ, Lindsey JV. Fetal crown-rump length: reevaluation of relation to menstrual
age (5-18 weeks) with high-resolution real-time US. Radiology. 1992 Feb;182(2):501-5.
4. Mean Sac Diameter
a. Daya S, Woods S, Ward S, Lappalainen R, Caco C. Early pregnancy assessment with transvaginal
ultrasound scanning. CMAJ. 1991 Feb 15;144(4):441-6. PMID: 1993291; PMCID: PMC1452794.
b. Equation for gestational age in days: (0.882(GS1+GS2+GS2)/3)+ 33.117
5. Bladder Volume - Prolate Ellipsoid
a. Dicuio M, Pomara G, Menchini Fabris F, Ales V, Dahlstrand C, Morelli G. Measurements of urinary bladder
volume: comparison of five ultrasound calculation methods in volunteers. Archivo Italiano di Urologica e
Andrologica. 2005 Mar;77(1):60-2.
b. Prolate ellipsoid equation: Volume = 0.52 * (D1) * (D2) *(D3).
6. Gastric Volume
a. Gastric Volume for >= 18 years: Van de Putte, P., and A. Perlas. "Ultrasound assessment of gastric content
and volume." British Journal of Anaesthesia 113.1 (2014): 12-22.
b. Gastric Volume for ages 4-18 years: Miller, Andrew F., et al. "Does Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound
Correlate With Reported Fasting Time?." Pediatric Emergency Care 37.12 (2021): e1265-e1269.
7. Carotid Diameter Reduction
a. Larsson, Annika C., and Stefan Rosfors. "Diameter‐based measurements of the degree of carotid artery
stenosis using ultrasonography." Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 41.2 (2021): 217-220.
Calculation Package References
Manual Calculations Packages 47
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