126 M32 - Digital Console User Manual 127
connection when a plug is inserted.
Normalising: The process of making audio les the same
volume.
NVRAM: Abbreviation for ‘Non-volatile random access
memory’. this is the general name used to describe any type
of RAM that retains its information when power is switched
o. For example, ash memory.
O
O/B: Abbreviation for ‘outside broadcast’.
Oct: Abbreviation for ‘octave’.
Octave: A dierence in pitch where one tone has a
frequency that is double or half of the frequency of another
tone.
ohm (Ω): Unit of electrical resistance.
OpticalCon®: A cable connector for bre optic cables.
OS: Abbreviation for ‘operating system’.
OSC: Abbreviation for ‘oscillator’ or ‘oscillation’.
Out of phase: 1. A signal, being similar to another in
amplitude, frequency and wave shape, but oset in time
by part of a cycle. 2. 180° out of phase or having opposite
polarity. See Phase.
Outboard: External, as in an ‘external device’.
Outboard equipment: External equipment used with the
M32 Control Centre, but that is not part of it.
Output: 1. The signal put out by a device. 2. The physical
location of where a device sends out a signal.
Output fast strip: One of 16 channel strips in the output
fast zone. Provides detailed control of the currently selected
outputs. See Output fast zone.
Output fast zone: Control area for fast access to primary
main output functions.
Overload: A condition where the signal level is too high.
Overview: The main view in the GUI channel strip, which
contains the control sections of the selected channel. This
represents the associated channel strip on the control
surface.
Overview screen: One of the GUI screens. This is the
default screen of the mix bay.
P
PAN: Abbreviation for ‘panoramic’.
Panning: The left/right positioning of a signal across a
stereo image.
Parameter: A setting whose value can be altered by the
user.
Parametric EQ: A type of EQ that allows all of the
parameters of equalisation to be changed, including centre
frequency, boost/cut in gain and bandwidth.
Patch: A temporary connection (physical or virtual) made
between two audio devices or inside one.
Patch connector: Any tab patching point, for example, an
XLR connector, bus, sidechain compressor etc. See Patching.
Patching: Also known as ‘soft patching’. The process of
routing a channel/signal from a source to a destination(s).
PCB: Abbreviation for ‘printed circuit board’.
PEQ: Abbreviation for ‘parametric equaliser’. See Parametric
EQ.
PFL: Abbreviation for ‘pre-fade listen’. A function that
allows the signal to be monitored pre-fader, that is, before
it reaches the fader.
Phantom power: The power required for the operation of
a condenser microphone when it is not supplied by internal
batteries or a separate power supply. This is supplied by the
M32 Control Centre itself.
Phase: A measurement (in degrees) of the time dierence
between two waveforms.
Pitch: A continuous frequency over time. Musical
interpretation of an audio frequency.
Pitch shift: Alteration of pitch or frequency, but without
adjusting tempo.
Point scene: Subdivision of a scene. See Scene.
Pointer: 1. On the GUI, the pointer is the arrow-shaped
object on the screen that moves when the user moves the
trackball or external mouse. 2. On a control knob, it is the
marking that, when used in conjunction with the ident
around edge of control knob, helps to indicate the setting.
POP: Abbreviation for ‘population’.
POP group: A number of channels assigned to a group that
has unfold and area B controls. Provides an easy and quick
method of manipulating and controlling the numerous
channels available on the M32 Control Centre.
Post-: The point for accessing audio just after it leaves
a specic channel component, for example, ‘post-fader’,
where the audio is tapped from just after it leaves the
channel’s main level control.
Pre-: The point for accessing audio just before it reaches a
specic module, for example, ‘pre-EQ’, where the audio is
tapped from just before it gets to a channel strip’s EQ.
Primary navigation zone: Area in the master bay for mix
and master bay GUI screen navigation and control. Also has
a screen access section for fast access to GUI menu options.
Processing area: A display in a GUI channel strip showing
a specic control section. Accessed from the channel’s
overview display. See Overview.
PSU: Abbreviation for ‘power supply unit’.
Psychoacoustics: The study of the perception of sound,
that is, how we listen, our psychological responses and the
physiological eects on the human nervous system.
Pschycoacoustic noise: Noise that aects the physiology
of the listener.
Q
Quick access button: Button for navigation/ selection of a
channel/bus/processing area.
R
RAM: Abbreviation for ‘Random access memory’.
Return: Auxiliary return or aux return. An extra input used
for receiving a signal from the output of an internal or
external eect processor. See Bus.
Reverb: An eect where the ambience of a physical space
is simulated. This is done by copying a signal and replaying
at regular intervals at ever decreasing levels. The intervals
are so close that each copy is not heard individually.
RMS: Abbreviation for ‘root-mean-square’. The square root
of the mean of the sum of the squares. Commonly used as
the eective value of measuring a sine wave’s electrical
power. A standard in amplier measurements. The eective
average value of an AC waveform.
RS: Abbreviation for ‘right surround’. The right-hand rear
speaker in a 5.1 surround system.
S
s: Symbol for ‘second’. A unit of time.
Scene: In automation, a set of mix settings for a particular
part of a performance, for example, a play or song.
Sibilance: Energy from a voice, centred around 7 kHz, and
caused by pronouncing ‘s’, ‘sh’ or ‘ch’ sounds.
Side chain: A special circuit that diverts a proportion of
the main signal so that it can be processed, as required.
Compressors use the side chain to derive their control
signals.
Signal ow: The path of a signal from one place to
another.
SIP™: Abbreviation for ‘solo in place’.
SIS: Abbreviation for ‘spatial imaging system’. Combines a
central loudspeaker cluster with a left-right system to form
three discrete sound channels.
Snapshot: A captured group of mixer settings that reect
the state of the mixer at a particular moment within a
performance. This snapshot can then be recalled at the
required moment in the performance/playback.
Solo: During monitoring, the isolation of one signal by
silencing all other signals.
Source: The patch connector from which a signal is
patched. See Patching.
SPL: Abbreviation for ‘sound pressure level’. Given in
decibels (dB), SPL is an expression of loudness or volume.
Splash screens: The GUI display during power up.
SRC: Abbreviation for ‘sample rate converter’.
SSD: Abbreviation for ‘solid-state disk’. Data storage device
that uses non-volatile memory to store data. Quicker than
the conventional hard disk and less susceptible to the
failures associated with hard disk drives.
Status indicator: A device specically designed to
show the condition of something. For example, an LED
that shows whether a pushbutton is on or o, or a meter
showing the level of a signal.
Stereo: Two separate channels, left and right, used to give
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