7.8 Thermal overload protection, two time constants
TRPTTR
IP14513-1 v4
7.8.1 Identification
M14877-1 v2
Function description IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
Thermal overload protection, two
time constants
TRPTTR
SYMBOL-A V1 EN-US
49
7.8.2 Application
M15341-3 v5
Transformers in the power system are designed for a certain maximum load current (power)
level. If the current exceeds this level the losses will be higher than expected. As a consequence
the temperature of the transformer will increase. If the temperature of the transformer
reaches too high a value, the equipment might be damaged;
• The insulation within the transformer experiences forced ageing. As a consequence of
this, the risk of internal phase-to-phase or phase-to-earth faults increases.
• There might be hot spots within the transformer, which degrades the paper insulation. It
might also cause bubbling in the transformer oil.
In stressed situations in the power system it can be required to overload transformers for a
limited time. This should be done without the above mentioned risks. The thermal overload
protection provides information and makes temporary overloading of transformers possible.
The permissible load level of a power transformer is highly dependent on the cooling system
of the transformer. There are two main principles:
• OA: The air is naturally circulated to the coolers without fans and the oil is naturally
circulated without pumps.
• FOA: The coolers have fans to force air for cooling and pumps to force the circulation of
the transformer oil.
The protection can have two sets of parameters, one for non-forced cooling and one for forced
cooling. Both the permissive steady state loading level as well as the thermal time constant is
influenced by the cooling system of the transformer. The two parameters sets can be
activated by the binary input signal COOLING. This can be used for transformers where forced
cooling can be taken out of operation, for example at fan or pump faults.
The thermal overload protection estimates the internal heat content of the transformer
(temperature) continuously. This estimation is made by using a thermal model of the
transformer which is based on current measurement.
If the heat content of the protected transformer reaches a set alarm level a signal can be given
to the operator. Two alarm levels are available. This enables preventive actions in the power
system to be taken before dangerous temperatures are reached. If the temperature continues
to increase to the trip value, the protection initiates a trip of the protected transformer.
Section 7 1MRK 511 358-UEN A
Current protection
144
Application manual
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