Hot-End
The Hot-End heats the filament so that it can be extruded. It is comprised of the
following parts:
• Nozzle: the polymer is extruded from here. The nozzle is made of brass and has
an opening of 0.4 mm.
• Die: this is where the polymer is melted, and is the part that reaches the highest
temperatures (around 210 °C). It is made from 6082-grade aluminium.
• Screw: this a threaded bar positioned above the die and serves to guide the
lament. The section nearest the die has ns in order to help dissipate the heat
generated by the die.
• Polytetrauoroethylene (PTFE) tube: this is located inside the screw and helps
prevent friction between the lament and the screw.
• Bushing: this is located inside the screw beneath the PTFE tube. It keeps the
tube in place and prevents it from sliding towards the die.
• 100K thermistor: this device measures the temperature of the die.
• Ceramic heater (12 V, 40 W): heats the die to the temperature required for
extruding the lament.
Figure 5.4 Constituent parts of the Hot-End
Ceramicheater
100Kthermistor
Nozzle
Bushing
Screw
Die
PTFE tube