Nuclide Library
Name /
Shortname
Half-Life Usage / Remarks
Annihilation
Annihilation Radiation
Industrially used material
Annihilation radiation is released by the electron-positron exterm-
ination caused by the beta+ decay. It has a fixed energy of 511 keV
and is caused by all beta+ radiators. Common examples are
18
F (used
for medical applications) or
22
Na which also emits gamma radiation.
Background
Naturally occurring radioactive material
The ubiquitous background radiation is emitted from a variety of mostly
natural and some artiicial sources such as unstable nuclides contained
in most chemical elements comprising the lithosphere, biosphere, and
atmosphere; cosmic radiation from outer space; and applications of
nuclear technology for weapons, power plants and medicine. The back-
ground recorded by an instrument is, of course, spoiled by non-natural
sources present while measuring the background.
Neutrons
Special Nuclear Material
Neutron radiation can have different origins, the most common types
are spontaneous ission sources (e. g. 252Cf) and alpha emitters pack-
aged in a low-Z elemental matrix (e. g. Americium-Beryllium, Amer-
icium-Lithium or Plutonium-Beryllium). Both types have a wide range of
applications, including industrial and medical ields. Neutrons can also
occur in the vicinity of nuclear power plants driven by neutrons that col-
lide with the ission material, typically using one of the above sources.
Unknown
Unknown nuclear material
An unknown source of radiation. Further investigations are necessary.
Nuclide Library
9-110
identiFINDER® R200— ENGLISH (en) — 3/10/2017—1:38 PM
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