GE P444

P
44x/EN AP/Hb6
Application Notes
(AP) 5
-4 MiCOM P40 Agile
P442, P444
3.2 Channel Aided distance schemes 46
3.2.1 Standard Scheme 46
3.2.2 Trip Mode 56
3.2.3 Carrier send Zone (open scheme) 56
3.2.4 Distance Carrier Received (Dist CR) 57
3.2.5 Current reversal guard logic 57
3.2.6 Unblocking logic (permissive scheme) 58
3.2.7 Trip on Reclose (TOR) / Switch On To Fault (SOTF) modes 61
3.2.8 Zone 1 Ext. on Channel Fail 67
3.2.9 Permissive Overreach Schemes Weak Infeed (WI) Features 67
3.2.10 Loss of Load (LoL) 70
3.2.11 Loss of Load Accelerated Tripping (LoL) 70
3.3 Power Swing 71
3.4 Other protection considerations - settings example 71
3.4.1 Distance Protection Setting Example 71
3.4.2 Teed feeder protection 75
3.5 Distance protection logic 78
3.5.1 Blocking / unblocking logic 78
3.5.2 Channel Aided distance scheme logic 82
3.5.3 Trip logic and Zone 1 extension logic 84
3.5.4 Distance trip equation 84
4 APPLICATION OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION FUNCTIONS 86
4.1 Power Swing detection and blocking (PSB) 86
4.1.1 Power Swing Detection 86
4.1.2 Stable Swing and Out Of Step 88
4.1.3 Biphase loop 88
4.1.4 Power Swing blocking 88
4.1.5 Power Swing unblocking (unblocking of the relay for faults during power swing) 89
4.1.6 What loop is faulty? 90
4.2 Load blinding (load avoidance) 92
4.3 Directional and non-directional overcurrent protection 94
4.3.1 Inverse time characteristics 94
4.3.2 Application of Timer Hold Facility 94
4.3.3 Directional Overcurrent Protection 95
4.3.4 Time Delay VTS 95
4.3.5 Setting Guidelines 95
4.4 Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection 97
4.4.1 Setting guidelines 97
4.4.2 Directionalising the Negative Phase Sequence Overcurrent Element 98
4.5 Maximum of Residual Power Protection – Zero Sequence Power Protection (“Zero Seq
Power” menu) 98
4.6 Broken conductor detection 99