P44x/EN CM/Hb
MiCOM P40 Agile P442, P444
(CM) 9-
Fault simulation
= 2 x Zd + Rfault
Where:
Uαβ : phase-to-phase fault voltage
I1 : fault current
ϕ1 : fault angle
Rfault = R loop
For a three-phase fault:
Fault simulation
Where:
V1 : phase-to-phase fault voltage
I1 : fault current
ϕ1 : fault angle
Note: Using the Z graph a Rio format characteristic can be created. This Rio file can be
loaded onto a numerical injector that accepts this kind of files. The active settings
(distance elements) can be modified by Z-graph and the relay can be upgraded with
new distance parameters
For more detail refer to section: Test tools: "Z graph user"
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