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Children
Central lines and ports may need to be hand injected or
power injected at a very low flow rate (1 ml/sec.).
PIC lines and 24 gauge (or smaller) lines are usually
hand injected. All of these protocols should be decided
on by your institution’s appropriate personnel.
• Applications with 80 kV: For CTA protocols, the tube
voltage was set to 80 kV and the mAs values were
raised by a factor of 1.5 over the reduced 120 kV val-
ues. This measure roughly reduces the dose again by
a factor of 2. At a lower kV, substances with a high
atomic number (such as iodine) have a significantly
higher CT value (= vascular contrast). Iodine CT val-
ues at 80 kV are about 50% higher than at 120 kV.
80 kV was also used for applications when the low-
est achievable mAs at 120 kV was still higher than
necessary for sufficient noise level (for technical rea-
sons, generators need to operate at a certain mini-
mum current for stable operation). For applications
such as neonate or airway scanning, the low tube
output at 80 kV can be used to further reduce the
dose to the patient.
• To further optimize MPR image quality we recom-
mend that you reduce one or more of the following:
collimation, reconstruction increment and slice
width for image reconstruction.
Needle Size (gauge) Flow Rate (ml/sec.)
22 1.5
20 2.0 – 3.0
18 3.0 – 5.0
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