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4 Process Gas Chromatography – General Introduction
4.1 Analytical Principle
Gas chromatography in general is an analytical technology which is used to analyse gas
mixtures, i.e. to measure the concentrations of the different components of a gas.The
analytical principle is shown in figure 4.1
Figure 4.1: The analytical principle
A very small volume of sample gas (typically much less than 1 ml), which is a mixture of
several components, is injected into a stream of carrier gas, which takes the sample gas
through the column. This column acts as a separator through the difference in
absorption rate of the different components of the sample gas, they are separated from
each other during their passage through the column and elute as individual
components. The concentration of each component is then measured at the end of the
column by a detector. From the knowledge of the concentrations of each component,
any property of the gas can be calculated.
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