Table of Contents
Issue 1 December 1997 9-i
9
Maintenance Description
Overview 9-1
■ Three-Tiered Operations 9-1
Single-Ended Maintenance Philosophy 9-4
■ Multi-Vendor OI 9-6
In-service (IS) Upgrades 9-8
■ Software Upgrades 9-8
DDM-2000 OC-3 and OC-12 Software Compatibility 9-9
Maintenance Signaling 9-10
Fault Detection, Isolation, and Reporting 9-16
■ Detection 9-16
■ Isolation 9-16
■ Reporting 9-16
Protection Switching 9-17
■ Automatic Line Protection 9-17
Status of ACTIVE LED on OLIUs 9-17
APS Initiation Criteria 9-18
■ Equipment Protection 9-20
■ Synchronization Reference Protection 9-20
■ Path Protection Switching (Path Switched Rings) 9-21
Path Protection Scheme 9-22
Dual Ring Interworking (DRI) Path Protection Scheme 9-24
■ OC-3/OC-12 Path Switched Ring (0x1) 9-26
Status of ACTIVE LED on Rings 9-26
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