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CNT-90 Series
Pendulum CNT-90 Series User Manual
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Timer/Counter/Analyzer
CNT-90,
CNT-91
Frequency
Calibrator/Analyzer
CNT-91R
Microwave
Counter/Analyzer
CNT-90XL
User's
Manual
2
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
3
Table of Contents
3
General Information
8
About this Manual
8
Warranty
8
Declaration of Conformity
8
1 Preparation for Use
9
Preface
10
Introduction
10
Powerful and Versatile Functions
10
No Mistakes
11
Design Innovations
11
State of the Art Technology Gives Durable Use
11
High Resolution
11
Remote Control
12
Fast GPIB Bus
12
Safety
13
Introduction
13
Safety Precautions
13
Caution and Warning Statements
14
Symbols
14
If in Doubt about Safety
14
Disposal of Hazardous Materials
14
Environmental Considerations
15
Unpacking
16
Check List
16
Identification
16
Installation
17
Supply Voltage
17
Battery Supply
17
Grounding
17
Orientation and Cooling
17
Fold-Down Support
18
Rackmount Adapter
18
2 Using the Controls
20
Basic Controls
21
Secondary Controls
23
Connectors & Indicators
23
Rear Panel
24
Rear Panel (CNT-91R/71B)
25
Description of Keys
26
Power
26
Select Function
26
Autoset/Preset
27
Move Cursor
27
Display Contrast
27
Enter
27
Save & Exit
27
Don't Save & Exit
27
Presentation Modes
28
Entering Numeric Values
29
Hard Menu Keys
29
Default Settings
39
3 Input Signal Conditioning
41
Input Amplifier
42
Impedance
42
Attenuation
42
Coupling
43
Filter
43
Man/Auto
44
Trig
45
How to Reduce or Ignore Noise and Interference
46
Trigger Hysteresis
46
How to Use Trigger Level Setting
47
4 Measuring Functions
49
Introduction to this Chapter
50
Selecting Function
50
Frequency Measurements
51
Freq A, B
51
Freq C
52
Cnt-90/91(R)
52
Cnt-90Xl
52
Ratioa/B, B/A, C/A, C/B
52
Burst A, B, C
52
Triggering
52
Burst Measurements Using Manual Presetting
53
Frequency Modulated Signals
54
Carrier Wave Frequency F
54
Max
55
Δf
55
Errors Min F
56
AM Signals
56
Carrier Wave Frequency
56
Modulating Frequency
57
Theory of Measurement
57
Reciprocal Counting
57
Sample-Hold
58
Time-Out
58
Measuring Speed
58
Period
61
Single A, B & Avg. A, B, C
61
Single A, B Back-To-Back
62
Frequency A, B Back-To-Back
62
Time Measurements
63
Introduction
63
Triggering
63
Time Interval
64
Time Interval a to B
64
Time Interval B to a
64
Time Interval a to A, B to B
64
R): Time Interval Error (TIE)
64
Rise/Fall Time A/B
64
Pulse Width A/B
65
Duty Factor A/B
65
Measurement Errors
66
Hysteresis
66
Overdrive and Pulse Rounding
66
Auto Trigger
67
Phase
68
What Is Phase
68
Resolution
68
Possible Errors
68
Inaccuracies
69
Totalize [CNT-91(R) Only]
72
Totalize in General
72
Tot a man
72
Tot B man
72
Tot A+B man
72
Applications
73
Tot A/B man
73
Totalize & Arming
73
Examples
73
Voltage
75
Pulsed Signals [CNT-90XL Option 28 Only]
77
About this Chapter
82
Measurement Time
82
Gate Indicator
82
Single Measurements
82
Hold/Run & Restart
82
Arming
82
Start Arming
83
Stop Arming
83
Controlling Measurement Timing
84
The Measurement Process
84
Resolution as Function of Measurement Time
84
Measurement Time and Rates
85
What Is Arming
85
Arming Setup Time
89
Arming Examples
89
Introduction to Arming Examples
89
Measuring the First Burst Pulse
89
Measuring the Second Burst Pulse
91
Measuring the Time between Burst Pulse #1 and #4
92
Profiling
93
6 Process
95
Introduction
96
Averaging
96
Mathematics
96
Example
96
Statistics
97
Allan Deviation Vs. Standard Deviation
97
Selecting Sampling Parameters
97
Measuring Speed
98
Determining Long or Short Time Instability
98
Statistics and Mathematics
99
Confidence Limits
99
Jitter Measurements
99
Limits
100
Limit Behavior
100
Limit Mode
100
Limits and Graphics
101
7 Performance Check
103
General Information
104
Preparations
104
Test Equipment
104
Front Panel Controls
105
Internal Self-Tests
105
Keyboard Test
105
Short Form Specification Test
107
Sensitivity and Frequency Range
107
Voltage
108
Trigger Indicators Vs. Trigger Levels
109
Input Controls
110
Reference Oscillators (Not CNT-91R)
110
Resolution Test
111
Rear Inputs/Outputs
111
Mhz out
111
Ext Arm Input
112
Measuring Functions
113
Check of HOLD off Function
113
RF Inputs
113
(CNT-90XL Only)
115
Battery Supply
116
Option 23/90 for CNT-90 & CNT-90XL Only
116
8 Specifications
117
Introduction
119
Measurement Functions
119
Frequency A, B, C
119
Frequency Burst A, B, C
119
Period A, B, C Average
119
Period A, B Single
120
Ratio A/B, B/A, C/A, C/B
120
Time Interval a to B, B to A, a to A, B to B
120
Pulse Width A, B
120
Rise and Fall Time A, B
120
Phase a Rel. B, B Rel. a
121
Duty Factor A, B
121
Timestamping A, B, C
122
Auto Set / Manual Set
122
Input and Output Specifications
122
Inputs a and B
122
Input C (Option 10)
123
Input C (Option 13)
123
Input C (Options 14 & 14B)
123
Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs
124
Auxiliary Functions
124
Trigger Hold-Off
124
External Start/Stop Arming
124
Statistics
124
Mathematics
125
Other Functions
125
Display
125
GPIB Interface
125
USB Interface
126
Timeview
126
Battery Unit
126
Option 23/90
126
Measurement Uncertainties
127
Random Uncertainties (1)
127
Systematic Uncertainties
127
Total Uncertainty (2)
127
Time Interval, Pulse Width, Rise/Fall Time
127
Frequency & Period
127
Frequency Ratio F 1 2
128
Phase
128
Duty Factor
128
Calibration
129
Definition of Terms
129
General Specifications
129
Environmental Data
129
Power Requirements
129
Dimensions & Weight
130
Ordering Information
130
Timebase Options
131
Explanations
131
Cnt-90Xl
132
Introduction
133
Measurement Functions
133
Frequency A, B, C
133
Frequency Burst A, B
133
Period A, B, C Average
133
Period A, B Single
133
Ratio A/B, B/A, C/A, C/B
133
Time Interval a to B, B to A, a to A, B to B
133
Pulse Width A, B
134
Rise and Fall Time A, B
134
Phase a Rel. B, B Rel. a
134
Duty Factor A, B
134
Max Min P-P A, B
134
Power C
134
Pulsed RF Parameters Input C
135
(Option 28 Only)
135
Measurement Uncertainties
138
Cnt-91(R)
142
Period A, B Back-To-Back
144
Ratio A/B, B/A, C/A, C/B
144
Time Interval a to B, B to A, a to A,B to B
144
Pulse Width A, B
144
Rise and Fall Time A, B
144
Time Interval Error (TIE) A, B
145
Phase a Rel. B, B Rel. a
145
Duty Factor A, B
145
Timestamping A, B
146
Auto Set / Manual Set
146
Max
146
Totalize A, B, A+B, A-B, A/B
146
Min
146
Input and Output Specifications
147
Inputs a and B
147
Input C (Option 10)
147
Input C
148
Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs
148
Input C (Option 13)
148
Input C (Options 14 & 14B)
148
Auxiliary Functions
149
Trigger Hold-Off
149
External Start/Stop Arming
149
Statistics
149
Mathematics
150
Other Functions
150
Display
150
GPIB Interface
150
USB Interface
151
Timeview
151
Measurement Uncertainties
152
Random Uncertainties (1Σ)
152
Systematic Uncertainties
152
Total Uncertainty (2Σ)
152
Time Interval, Pulse Width, Rise/Fall Time
152
Random Uncertainties (1)
152
Total Uncertainty (2)
152
Frequency & Period A, B
153
Frequency & Period C
153
Frequency Ratio F or F
153
Frequency Ratio F 1 2
153
Phase
153
Duty Factor
153
Frequency & Period
153
Calibration
154
Definition of Terms
154
General Specifications
154
Environmental Data
154
Power Requirements
155
Dimensions & Weight
155
Ordering Information
155
Timebase Options
156
Timebase Options CNT-91
156
Explanations
156
Timebase Specifications CNT-91R
157
Cnt-91R/71B
158
Introduction
159
Measurement Functions
159
Frequency A, B, C
159
Frequency Burst A, B, C
159
Period A, B, C Average
159
Period A, B Single
160
Period A, B Back-To-Back
160
Ratio A/B, B/A, C/A, C/B
160
Time Interval a to B, B to A, a to A, B to B
160
Pulse Width A, B
160
Rise and Fall Time A, B
160
Time Interval Error (TIE) A, B
161
Phase a Rel. B, B Rel. a
161
Duty Factor A, B
161
Totalize A, B, A+B, A-B, A/B
162
Max Min P-P A, B
162
Timestamping A, B
162
Auto Set / Manual Set
162
Input and Output Specifications
163
Inputs a and B
163
Input C
163
Rear Panel Inputs & Outputs
164
Auxiliary Functions
164
Trigger Hold-Off
164
External Start/Stop Arming
164
Statistics
164
Mathematics
165
Other Functions
165
Display
165
GPIB Interface
165
USB Interface
166
Timeview
166
Measurement Uncertainties
167
Random Uncertainties (1)
167
Systematic Uncertainties
167
Total Uncertainty (2)
167
Time Interval, Pulse Width, Rise/Fall Time
167
Frequency & Period
168
Frequency Ratio F 1 2
168
Phase
168
Duty Factor
168
Calibration
169
Definition of Terms
169
General Specifications
169
Environmental Data
169
Power Requirements
170
Dimensions & Weight
170
Timebase Specifications CNT-91R/71B
171
9 Index
173
Other manuals for Pendulum CNT-90 Series
Programmer's Handbook
264 pages
Manual
50 pages
Getting Started Manual
30 pages
4
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Pendulum CNT-90 Series Specifications
General
Brand
Pendulum
Model
CNT-90 Series
Category
Measuring Instruments
Language
English
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