Measurement Basics
R&S
®
FSW-K7
43User Manual 1173.9240.02 ─ 17
zation is activated, the offsets in the reference trace are removed from the current
measurement results to compensate for the inherent distortions.
Reference line
The reference line is defined by the Reference Value and Reference Position in the
"External Generator" > "Source Calibration" settings. It is similar to the Reference
Level defined in the "Amplitude" settings. However, as opposed to the reference level,
this reference line only affects the y-axis scaling in the diagram, it has no effect on the
expected input power level or the hardware settings.
The reference line determines the range and the scaling of the y-axis, just as the refer-
ence level does.
The normalized reference trace (0 dB directly after calibration) is displayed on this ref-
erence line, indicated by a red line in the diagram. By default, the reference line is dis-
played at the top of the diagram. If you shift the reference line, the normalized trace is
shifted, as well.
Shifting the reference line (and normalized trace)
You can shift the reference line - and thus the normalized trace - in the result display
by changing the Reference Position or the Reference Value.
Fig. 4-7: Shifted reference line
If the DUT inserts a gain or an attenuation in the measurement, this effect can be
reflected in the result display on the R&S FSW. To reflect a power offset in the mea-
surement trace, change the Reference Value.
4.7.4.7 Coupling the Frequencies
As described in chapter 4.7.4.5, "Normalization", on page 41, normalized measure-
ment results are very accurate as long as the same settings are used as for calibration.
Although approximate normalization is possible, it is important to consider the required
Receiving Data Input and Providing Data Output
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