8. Masimo CO
2
Monitoring
8.1. Overview of CO
2
Monitoring
CO
2
monitoring – also known as capnography – is a method for assessing a
patient’s ventilation status through the monitoring of carbon dioxide levels in
their breath. Two different Masimo capnography modules – the ISA
TM
and the
IRMA
TM
– are available for use with the Nightingale PPM3. The Masimo ISA
TM
utilizes a non-invasive approach known as sidestream capnography, whereby a
portion of a patient’s inhaled and exhaled gases are diverted into a disposable
nasal cannula. The gases collected through the cannula are continuously passed
through a moisture-eliminating wick/bacterial filter and then through an infrared
spectrometer, which is housed within the small ISA module. Based on the
amount of infrared light absorbed, the amount of CO
2
present and the respiration
rate can be determined.
The Masimo IRMA
TM
utilizes an approach known as mainstream capnography in
which a disposable airway adapter is inserted directly in-line with the patient’s
breathing circuit, such that all of their inhaled and exhaled gases are analyzed.
The IRMA module, which contains the infrared spectrometer, clips around the
outside of the adapter. From the perspective of the clinician, the ISA and IRMA
module uses the same user interface and connect through the same OMD port on
the Nightingale PPM3.
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