FUNS
The FUN Equations
16-10 
Warp Equations
The next Þve equations all behave similarly, and are intended to be used as follows: the value of 
input a is the controlling value, and normally remains constant, although it doesnÕt have to. 
The value of input b is expected to change over time; input b might be an LFO, for example. 
The value for input a affects how the FUN calculates its output value while the value of input b 
changes.
warp1(a, b)
We call this the Vari-slopeÔ equation. The value of input a controls the mapping of values for 
input b. If input b is a sawtooth wave, different values for input a will change it into a triangle 
wave. If input b is a more complicated waveform, the output waveform is also more 
complicated.
sin (a + b)
a = sine
b = 0
+1
1-1
-1
 input
values
output
values
a = 0, b rising
from -1 to 1
a = .5, b rising
from -1 to 1
a = 1, b rising
from -1 to 1
+1
1-1
-1
 input
values
output
values
+1
1-1
-1
 input
values
output
values
+1
1-1
-1
 input
values
output
values