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194 Chapter 8: References
References
Left Ventricular Volume: Biplane Method in ml
Schiller, N.B., P.M. Shah, M. Crawford, et.al. “Recommendations for Quantitation of the Left
Ventricle by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography.” Journal of American Society of
Echocardiography. September-October 1989, 2:362.
where: V = Volume
a = Diameter
b = Diameter
n = Number of segments (n=20)
L = Length
i = Segment
Left Ventricular Volume: Single Plane Method in ml
Schiller, N.B., P.M. Shah, M. Crawford, et.al. “Recommendations for Quantitation of the Left
Ventricle by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography.” Journal of American Society of
Echocardiography. September-October 1989, 2:362.
where: V = Volume
a = Diameter
n = Number of segments (n=20)
L = Length
i = Segment
Left Ventricular Dimension (LVD) Fractional Shortening, percent
Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, (1994), 43-44.
LVDFS = ((LVDD – LVDS)/LVDD) * 100%
where: LDD = Left Ventricle Dimension at Diastole
LVDS = Left Ventricle Dimension at Systole
Left Ventricular Posterior Wall Fractional Thickening (LVPWFT), percent
Laurenceau, J. L., M.C. Malergue. The Essentials of Echocardiography. Le Hague: Martinus Nijhoff,
(1981), 71.
LVPWFT = ((LVPWS – LVPWD)/LVPWD) * 100%
where: LVPWS = Left Ventricular Posterior Wall Thickness at Systole
LVPWD = Left Ventricular Posterior Wall Thickness at Diastole
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