12.2 Scheme Testing 645
12.2.1 Signal Send Test for Permissive Schemes 645
12.2.2 Signal Send Test for Blocking Schemes 645
13 Out of Step Protection 646
13.1 OST Setting 646
13.2 Predictive OST Setting 647
13.3 Predictive and OST Setting 647
13.4 OST Timer Test 647
14 Protection Timing Checks 648
14.1 Overcurrent Check 648
14.2 Connecting the Test Circuit 648
14.3 Performing the Test 648
14.4 Check the Operating Time 648
15 System Check and Check Synchronism 650
15.1 Check Synchronism Pass 650
15.2 Check Synchronism Fail 650
16 Check Trip and Autoreclose Cycle 651
17 End-to-End Communication Tests 652
17.1 Remove Local Loopbacks 652
17.1.1 Restoring Direct Fibre Connections 652
17.1.2 Restoring C37.94 Fibre Connections 653
17.1.3 Communications using P59x Interface Units 653
17.2 Remove Remote Loopbacks 653
17.3 Verify Communication between IEDs 653
18 End-to-End Scheme Tests 655
18.1 Aided Scheme 1 655
18.1.1 Preparation at Remote End 655
18.1.2 Performing the Test 655
18.1.3 Channel Check in the Opposite Direction 655
18.2 Aided Scheme 2 655
19 Onload Checks 657
19.1 Confirm Current Connections 657
19.2 Confirm Voltage Connections 657
19.3 On-load Directional Test 658
20 Final Checks 659
21 Commmissioning the P59x 660
21.1 Visual Inspection 660
21.2 Insulation 660
21.3 External Wiring 660
21.4 P59x Auxiliary Supply 660
21.5 P59x LEDs 661
21.6 Received Optical Signal Level 661
21.7 Optical Transmitter Level 661
21.8 Loopback Test 662
Chapter 25 Maintenance and Troubleshooting 663
1 Chapter Overview 665
2 Maintenance 666
2.1 Maintenance Checks 666
2.1.1 Alarms 666
2.1.2 Opto-isolators 666
2.1.3 Output Relays 666
2.1.4 Measurement Accuracy 666
2.2 Replacing the Device 667
2.3 Repairing the Device 668
2.4 Removing the front panel 668
Contents P446SV
xviii P446SV-TM-EN-1