GE MiCOM P40 User Manual

3.1.3 Directional Self-Polarized Mho Characteristic for Earth Faults 112
3.1.4 Offset Mho Characteristic for Earth Faults 114
3.1.5 Memory Polarization of Mho Characteristics 116
3.1.6 Dynamic Mho Expansion and Contraction 116
3.1.7 Cross Polarization of Mho Characteristics 119
3.1.8 Implementation of Mho Polarization 120
3.2 Quadrilateral Characteristic 121
3.2.1 Directional Quadrilaterals 122
3.2.2 Quadrilateral Characteristic for Phase Faults 126
3.2.3 Earth Fault Quadrilateral Characteristics 130
4 Phase and Earth Fault Distance Protection Implementation 139
4.1 Phase Fault Characteristics 139
4.2 Earth Fault Characteristics 139
4.3 Distance Protection Tripping Decision 139
4.4 Distance Protection Phase Selection 140
4.4.1 Faulted Phase Selection 140
4.5 Biased Neutral Current Detector 141
4.6 Distance Element Zone Settings 142
4.6.1 Directionalizing the Distance Elements 142
4.6.2 Advanced Distance Zone Settings 143
4.6.3 Distance Zone Sensitivities 143
4.7 Capacitor VT Applications 144
4.7.1 CVTs with Passive Suppression of Ferroresonance 144
4.7.2 CVTs with Active Suppression of Ferroresonance 144
4.8 Load Blinding 145
4.9 Cross Country Fault Protection 146
5 Delta Directional Element 147
5.1 Delta Directional Principle and Setup 147
5.2 Delta Directional Decision 148
6 Application Notes 150
6.1 Setting Mode Choice 150
6.2 Operating Characteristic Selection 150
6.2.1 Phase Characteristic 150
6.2.2 Earth Fault Characteristic 151
6.3 Zone Reach Setting Guidelines 151
6.3.1 Quadrilateral Resistive Reaches 152
6.4 Earth Fault Resistive Reaches and Tilting 152
6.4.1 Dynamic Tilting 153
6.4.2 Fixed Tilting 154
6.5 Phase Fault Zone Settings 154
6.6 Directional Element for Distance Protection 155
6.7 Filtering Setup 155
6.7.1 Distance Digital Filter 155
6.7.2 Setting up CVTs 155
6.8 Load Blinding Setup 156
6.9 Polarizing Setup 156
6.10 Delta Directional Element Setting Guidelines 157
6.10.1 Delta Thresholds 157
6.11 Distance Protection Worked Example 157
6.11.1 Line Impedance Calculation 158
6.11.2 Residual Compensation for Earth Fault Elements 159
6.11.3 Zone 1 Phase and Ground Reach Settings 159
6.11.4 Zone 2 Phase and Ground Reach Settings 159
6.11.5 Zone 3 Phase and Ground Reach Settings 160
6.11.6 Zone 3 Reverse Reach Settings 160
6.11.7 Zone 4 Reverse Reach Settings 160
6.11.8 Load Avoidance 161
6.11.9 Quadrilateral Resistive Reach Settings 161
Contents P446SV
iv P446SV-TM-EN-1

GE MiCOM P40 Specifications

General

Brand	GE
Model	MiCOM P40
Category	Relays
Language	English