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BRP ROTAX 916 i A Series - User Manual

BRP ROTAX 916 i A Series
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ROTAX ENGINE TYPE 916 i A/C24 SERIES
REF NO.: OM-916 i /C24 | PART NO.: 898854
OPERATORS
MANUAL
OPERATORS
MANUAL

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BRP ROTAX 916 i A Series Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandBRP
ModelROTAX 916 i A Series
CategoryEngine
LanguageEnglish

Summary

Operators Manual

Introduction

Foreword

Information provided by BRP-Rotax regarding the manual's purpose and scope.

Document Structure

Describes the manual's structure aligning with GAMA Specification #1.

List of Effective Pages (LEP)

Table of Amendments (TOA)

General Note

General Information

Explains the purpose of the Operators Manual and its intended audience.

Abbreviations and Terms

Lists and defines abbreviations and terms used in the manual.

Safety Precautions

Discusses the importance of reading safety information and applying common workshop rules.

Safety Information

Provides crucial safety guidelines for operating the engine and aircraft.

Technical Documentation Overview

Details the documents forming instructions for continued airworthiness.

Type Description

Explains the components of the engine type description.

Purpose of Operators Manual

Engine Serial Number

Explains the importance of the engine serial number when inquiring or ordering parts.

Abbreviations and Terms

Safety Precautions

Revisions Policy

BRP-Rotax reserves the right to modify design, specifications, or features.

Measurement Units

Specifications are given in SI metric with US customary equivalents.

Symbols Used

Explains symbols used to emphasize important information.

Safety Information

Use for Intended Purpose

Specifies the intended use of the engine and warnings related to improper application.

Pilot Training Requirements

Emphasizes the need for qualified pilots, training programs, and engine-specific courses.

Regulatory Compliance

Highlights the importance of respecting legal requirements and local rules for flight operations.

Aircraft Instrumentation

Notes that instrumentation is not included in the engine package and requires manufacturer verification.

Engine Log Book Maintenance

Stresses the importance of keeping an accurate engine log book and adhering to maintenance schedules.

Maintenance and iRMT Certification

States that engine servicing must be performed by authorized distributors or certified technicians.

Engine Operation Guidelines

Provides essential guidelines for engine operation, including fluid levels and limits.

Aircraft Safety During Operation

Advises against leaving the aircraft unattended with the engine running and securing equipment.

Technical Documentation Overview

Manual Documentation

Lists the various documents that form the engine's technical documentation.

Manual Status and Updates

Explains how to determine the status of manuals and download current versions.

Page Replacement

Notes that single pages can be replaced instead of the entire document.

Type Description

Engine Type Designation

Explains the components of the engine type designation (e.g., ROTAX 916 iSc 3 A).

Operating Instructions

Operating Limits

Details the operating limits for certified engines, including critical altitude.

Operating Media - Coolant

Provides guidance on the selection and application of coolant.

Operating Media - Fuel

Gives instructions for the selection of correct fuel and notes on vapor formation.

Operating Media - Lubricants

Refers to information for selecting suitable lubricants and oil viscosity.

Operating Limits

General Operating Limit Conditions

Monitors operating limits, notes not to exceed them, and carry out instructions for abnormal operation.

Engine Speed Limits

Specifies the minimum and maximum engine speed limits.

Engine Performance Limits

Outlines take-off and continuous performance limits and critical altitude.

Operating Altitude Limits

Defines the maximum operating altitude and notes on altitude warning lamps.

Acceleration Limits

Defines limits for engine operation at zero gravity and negative "g" conditions.

Static Roll Angle Limits

States the static roll angle limit, warranting lubrication in every flight situation.

Manifold Temperature Limits

Specifies limits for manifold temperature and extended manifold temperature.

Extended Manifold Temperature Range

Details the impact of extended manifold temperature on power performance.

Manifold Pressure Limits

Provides target manifold pressure at a specific temperature and a "not to exceed" value.

Boost Pressure Limits

Mentions a boost pressure peak limit at a specific engine speed and duration.

Oil Pressure Limits

Specifies normal operating oil pressure and limits at cold start.

Oil Temperature Limits

Lists oil temperature limits at engine start, take-off, and normal operation.

Coolant Temperature Limits

Defines coolant temperature limits at ground idle and normal operation.

Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT)

States the exhaust gas temperature limit.

EGT Split Limits

Explains EGT-Split and provides limits based on fuel consumption.

Ambient Temperature Limits

Lists ambient temperature limits at ground idle and normal operation.

Fuel Pressure Limits

Specifies fuel pressure limits at the fuel rail and acceptable exceedance.

Operating Media - Coolant

Conventional Coolant Application

Describes advantages of conventional coolant mixed with water and its application.

Abnormal Operation

EMS Abnormal Operation

Details abnormal operation related to the Engine Management System (EMS) and warning lamps.

Failure of Internal Generators

Describes failures of Generator 1 and Generator 2, and their effects.

Failure of AC-DC Converter

Explains failures of the 14 V (EMS) and 28 V (AC) output sides of the converter.

Engine Throttle Response Issues

Discusses potential breakage or blockage of the throttle valve actuation.

Engine Fire or Fire in Compartment

Provides emergency procedures for engine fire or fire in the engine compartment.

Engine Start Failures

Covers insufficient electrical supply and insufficient fuel supply during engine start.

Engine Start Failure - No Start

Addresses insufficient electrical or fuel supply and low oil temperature during start.

In-Flight Engine Re-Start

Explains how to use the electric starter for in-flight engine re-start if windmilling speed is insufficient.

Sprag Clutch Decouple Failure

Advises shutting down the engine if the sprag clutch fails to decouple from the starter.

Exceeding Operational Limits

Instructs to adapt engine power settings and enter limit exceedances in the logbook.

Fuel Pressure Outside Normal Range

Provides guidance on reducing engine power and switching AUX-pump for fuel pressure issues.

EMS Warning Lamps

Persistent Warning Lamp Actions

Details pilot actions for persistent warning lamps on the ground and in flight.

Caution Lamps (916 i TYPE C24)

Caution Lamp Output 14 V (EMS)

Explains the function and required actions for the 14 V (EMS) caution lamp.

Caution Lamp Output 28 V (AC)

Describes the function and required actions for the 28 V (AC) caution lamp.

EMS Warning Lamp Status

Caution Lamp Start;Backup Battery Switch

Explains the caution lamp status related to start/backup battery switch activation.

Generator 1 Failure

Describes the engine's behavior and switching to Generator 2 if Generator 1 fails.

Generator 2 Failure

Explains Generator 2 failure detection and its impact on airframe power supply.

AC-DC Converter Failures

Failure of Both Generators

Details engine stoppage if both generators fail and related conditions.

AC-DC Converter: 14 V (EMS) Output Failure

Explains the cause and consequences of a 14 V (EMS) output failure on the AC-DC converter.

AC-DC Converter: 28 V (AC) Output Failure

Describes the impact of a 28 V (AC) output failure on the airframe's electrical power.

Engine Response and Fire Procedures

Engine Throttle Response Issues

Addresses potential breakage or blockage of the throttle valve actuation linkage.

Engine Fire Procedures

Instructs to carry out emergency procedures as prescribed in the aircraft flight manual.

Engine Start and Flight Procedures

Emergency Engine Shut-off Procedure

Details the procedure for deactivating the ECU to shut off the engine.

Loss of Display CAN Information

Explains what to do if the Display CAN Bus A or B fails.

Loss of Engine Power

States that the Aircraft Manufacturer is responsible for defining a procedure for loss of power.

Engine Start Failure - No Start

Covers insufficient electrical or fuel supply and low oil temperature during start.

In-Flight Engine Re-Start

Explains the use of the electric starter for in-flight engine re-start.

Operational Limit Procedures

Sprag Clutch Decouple Failure

Advises shutting down the engine due to risk of fire and starter overheating.

Exceeding Operational Limits

Instructs to adapt engine power settings and log any limit exceedances.

Fuel Pressure Outside Normal Range

Provides guidance on reducing engine power and switching AUX-pump for fuel pressure issues.

Standard Operation

Daily Checks

Details safety and operational checks to ensure engine reliability and efficiency.

Pre-Flight Checks

Outlines essential checks for operating media and oil level before flight.

Engine Start Procedure

Provides a step-by-step procedure for starting the engine, including pre-heating and fuel pump activation.

After Engine Start Procedures

Details the warming up period and throttle valve adjustments after engine start.

Engine Run-Up Procedures

Describes ground testing, full throttle checks, and reaching specific engine speeds.

Engine Shut-Off Procedure

Outlines steps for shutting down the engine, including checking instruments and deactivating ECU/fuel pumps.

Daily Checks

Safety During Daily Checks

Emphasizes conducting checks on a cold engine and ensuring ignition is off.

Coolant Level Check

Details the procedure for verifying and replenishing the coolant level.

Mechanical;Electronic Components Check

Pre-Flight Checks

Safety During Pre-Flight Checks

Advises conducting checks on a cold engine due to hot engine parts.

Operating Media Checks

Instructs to check for oil, coolant, and fuel leaks.

Oil Level Check

Details the procedure for checking the oil level in the oil tank.

Engine Start Procedure

Engine Start Steps

Outlines the steps for engine start, including pre-heating and fuel pump activation.

Engine Start Sequence Steps

Activate ECU for Engine Start

Details connecting terminals to power ECU Lane A and Lane B.

External Power Supply for Engine Start

Explains the connection of external power supply for EMS ground activation.

Warning Indicator Check During Start

Specifies checking if warning indicators illuminate and extinguish after approximately 3 seconds.

Set Throttle Valve for Start

Instructs to set the linearized throttle position according to the diagram.

Post-Start Engine Checks

Caution Lamp State Check (916 i TYPE C24)

Details checking caution lamp states for AC-DC converter and power after engine start.

Start Engine Procedure

Explains the procedure for starting the engine, including connecting terminals and persistence until 1500 rpm.

Reduce Throttle Valve for Idle

Instructs to set linearized throttle position for idle operation.

Instrument and Generator Checks

Engine Instruments Check During Start

Advises checking instruments, warning indicators, and operational limits compliance.

Caution Lamp State Check (916 i TYPE C24) - Post Start

Details checking caution lamp states for AC-DC converter and power after engine start.

Generator Switching Procedure

Explains increasing engine speed to activate generator switching.

Final Checks and Procedures

Engine Instruments Check - Lane;Ignition

Details checking engine instruments and compliance with limits, performing Lane and Ignition checks.

Caution Lamp State Check (916 i TYPE C24) - Final

Describes checking caution lamp states after engine has reached operational speed.

After Engine Start Procedures

Engine Warming Up Period

Details checking engine instruments and adjusting throttle valve during warm-up.

Engine Run-Up Procedures

Ground Test Procedures

Outlines checking engine instruments and setting throttle to WOT for maximum performance.

Lane and Ignition Check

Engine Instruments Check - Lane;Ignition

Describes checking engine instruments and compliance with operational limits during lane and ignition checks.

Set Throttle Valve for Lane;Ignition Check

Instructs to set linearized throttle position to achieve specific engine speeds.

Deactivate ECU Lane A

Details disconnecting terminals to turn off ECU Lane A.

Observe Engine Speed

Advises checking engine speed display via CAN A/B.

Lane Control and Indicator Checks

Activate ECU Lane A

Details connecting terminals to power ECU Lane A.

Warning Indicator A Check

Instructs to await warning indicator A to extinguish and note the time.

Deactivate ECU Lane B

Details disconnecting terminals to turn off ECU Lane B.

Observe Engine Speed (Lane B)

Advises checking engine speed display via CAN A/B.

Activate ECU Lane B

Details connecting terminals to power ECU Lane B.

Final Checks and Procedures

Warning Indicator B Check

Instructs to await warning indicator B to extinguish and note the time.

Reduce Throttle Valve for Fuel Pump Check

Instructs to set linearized throttle position for reaching engine speed for fuel pump check.

Wastegate and PCV Check

Engine Instruments Check - Wastegate;PCV

Advises checking instruments, warning indicators, and operational limits.

Set Throttle Valve to WOT

Instructs to set throttle valve to 100% and reach engine speed >4700 rpm.

Deactivate ECU Lane A for Wastegate Check

Details disconnecting terminals to turn off ECU Lane A.

Lane and Wastegate Checks

Engine Instruments Check - Lane A;B

Details checking engine instruments and compliance with operational limits during lane A/B checks.

Activate ECU Lane A for Wastegate Check

Details connecting terminals to power ECU Lane A.

Warning Indicator A Check - Wastegate;PCV

Instructs to await warning indicator A to extinguish and note the time.

Deactivate ECU Lane B

Details disconnecting terminals to turn off ECU Lane B.

Final Checks and Fuel Pump Verification

Engine Instruments Check - Lane A;B

Details checking engine instruments and compliance with operational limits after lane A deactivation.

Activate ECU Lane B for Wastegate Check

Details connecting terminals to power ECU Lane B.

Warning Indicator B Check - Wastegate;PCV

Instructs to await warning indicator B to extinguish and note the time.

Reduce Throttle Valve for Fuel Pump Check

Instructs to set linearized throttle position for reaching engine speed for fuel pump check.

Fuel Pump Check Procedure

Verifies fuel pump operation and ensures no power loss during deactivation of one pump.

Engine Shut-Off Procedure

Engine Instruments Check Before Shut-Off

Advises checking instruments and operational limits before shutting down the engine.

Reduce Throttle Valve for Idle

Instructs to set linearized throttle position for the engine to run at idle.

Engine Cooling Down Phase

Advises allowing the engine to cool down before shut-off, or performing a cooling run.

Deactivate ECU for Shut-Off

Details disconnecting terminals to turn off ECU Lane A and Lane B.

Deactivate Fuel Pumps

Performance and Fuel Consumption

Performance Data and Fuel Consumption

Information on performance and fuel consumption summarized in the ROTAX Model.

Explanation of Parameters

Explains parameters used in performance and fuel consumption data.

Performance Graphs

Provides performance graphs related to power, fuel flow, and throttle position.

Performance Data Parameters

Ambient Conditions for Performance

Ambient conditions given by pressure and temperature.

Engine Conditions for Performance

Engine conditions given by engine speed and throttle position.

Critical Altitude

Defines the critical altitude for the engine.

Performance Data Parameters Explanation

Observed Power

Power observed at propeller shaft, accounting for fuel, temperatures, and tolerances.

Fuel Flow

Fuel flow at given ambient/engine conditions with tolerance range.

Plenum Pressure

Plenum pressure correlates to engine power and indicates air supply issues.

Plenum Temperature

Plenum temperature correlates to engine power and indicates air supply issues.

Performance Graphs

ECO and POWER Modes

Explains ECO mode for economy and POWER mode for performance.

System Description

General Specifications

Contains basic specifications and technical data of the engine.

Basic Specifications

Lists key features of the engine, such as configuration and lubrication system.

Technical Data

Provides specific technical data including bore, stroke, and displacement.

Engine Components

Identifies and labels engine components in diagrams.

Cylinder Arrangement

Shows the cylinder arrangement of the engine.

Direction of Rotation

Specifies the direction of propeller shaft rotation when viewed from the front.

Cooling System

Describes the engine's cooling system, including coolant flow and expansion tank.

Fuel System

Details the fuel system, including fuel flow and pressure regulation.

Lubrication System

Explains the dry sump lubrication system, oil flow, and components.

Electric System

Covers the system responsible for supplying electrical power to the EMS and airframe.

Engine Management System (EMS) Functionality

Details the EMS main functionality, including ignition control, fuel injection, and fault detection.

Ignition Control System

Explains the electronic ignition system controlled by the ECU for electronic signal generation.

Fuel Injection Control System

Details the electronic fuel injection system controlled by the ECU for accurate fuel metering.

Communication Interfaces (CAN Bus)

Describes maintenance and display interfaces (CAN bus) for diagnostic activities and parameter visualization.

BUDS Software for Engine Diagnostics

Explains the availability and use of BUDS Software for reading ECU logs and troubleshooting.

Air Intake System and Boost Pressure Control

Explains the air intake system and how boost pressure is controlled.

Exhaust System

Describes the turbocharger and exhaust system components and exhaust flow.

Propeller Gearbox

Details the propeller gearbox reduction ratio and power transmission components.

Basic Engine Specifications

Engine Technical Data

Provides specific technical data including bore, stroke, and displacement.

Engine Components

Cooling System

Cooling System Overview

Describes the engine's liquid cooling system for cylinder heads and ram-air cooling for cylinders.

Coolant Flow

Explains the coolant flow path, forced by a water pump.

Expansion Tank Function

Details the coolant suction from the expansion tank to the water pump.

Coolant Temperature Measurement

States the location of the Coolant Temperature Sensor (CTS).

Fuel System

Fuel Flow and Pressure Regulation

Explains fuel flow through rails, regulator, and injectors, ensuring constant pressure differential.

Lubrication System

Lubrication System Oil Flow

Describes the oil flow from the tank, through the filter, to lubrication points and back.

Turbocharger Lubrication

Explains that the turbocharger is lubricated via a separate oil line from the main oil pump.

Oil Temperature Sensor Location

Specifies the location of the oil temperature sensor.

Oil Pressure Sensor Location

Specifies the location of the oil pressure sensor.

Electric System

Stator Function

Identifies the stator as part of the internal power supply.

Fusebox Function

Identifies the fusebox as part of the electric system, containing regulators.

Stator Function (916 i TYPE C24)

Identifies the stator as part of the internal power supply.

Fusebox Function (916 i TYPE C24)

Identifies the fusebox as part of the electric system.

24 V AC;DC Converter

Identifies the 24 V AC/DC converter as part of the electric system.

Engine Management System (EMS)

Generators 1 and 2 Operation

Describes the two generators, their mounting, and the fuse box's role in energy management.

Generator Malfunction Handling

Explains system behavior in case of malfunction of Generator 1 and its impact on EMS power supervision.

Engine Management System (EMS) Functionality

Details the EMS main functionality, including ignition control, fuel injection, and fault detection.

EMS Lane Control and Redundancy

Ignition and Fuel Injection Control

Ignition Control System

Explains the electronic ignition system controlled by the ECU for electronic signal generation.

Fuel Injection Control System

Details the electronic fuel injection system controlled by the ECU for accurate fuel metering.

Communication Interfaces and Software

Communication Interfaces (CAN Bus)

Describes maintenance and display interfaces (CAN bus) for diagnostic activities and parameter visualization.

BUDS Software for Engine Diagnostics

Explains the availability and use of BUDS Software for reading ECU logs and troubleshooting.

Air Intake System and Boost Pressure Control

Air Filter Connection

Identifies the air filter connection point.

Turbocharger to Intercooler Connection

Describes the connection between the turbocharger and the intercooler.

Intercooler to Pop Off Valve Connection

Describes the connection between the intercooler and the pop-off valve.

Pop Off Valve to Throttle Body Connection

Describes the connection between the pop-off valve and the throttle body.

Turbocharger Component

Identifies the turbocharger.

Intercooler Component

Identifies the intercooler.

Pop Off Valve Component

Identifies the pop-off valve.

Throttle Body Component

Identifies the throttle body.

Pressure Control Valve Component

Identifies the pressure control valve.

Actuator Assembly (Wastegate)

Identifies the wastegate actuator assembly.

Airbox Component

Identifies the airbox.

Intake Manifold Component

Identifies the intake manifold.

Air Flow Description

Describes the air path from the compressor to the cylinders.

Boost Pressure Control System

Overboost Valve Function

Describes the function of the overboost valve in relieving excessive pressure.

Ambient Air Pressure and Temperature Sensors (AAPTS)

Details the AAPTS sensors for engine ambient temperature and pressure, and their mounting.

Component Sensor Locations

Boost Pressure Sensor Location

Specifies the location of the boost pressure sensor.

Manifold Air Pressure Sensor Location

Specifies the location of the manifold air pressure sensors.

Manifold Air Temperature Sensor Location

Specifies the location of the manifold air temperature sensors.

Exhaust System

Muffler Component

Identifies the muffler.

Exhaust Pipes Component

Identifies the exhaust pipes.

Exhaust Manifold Component

Identifies the exhaust manifold.

Turbocharger Component (Exhaust)

Identifies the turbocharger in relation to the exhaust system.

Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensors (EGT)

Explains the location of sensors for reading exhaust gas temperature.

Propeller Gearbox

Propeller Gearbox Reduction Ratio

Specifies the reduction ratio between the crankshaft and propeller shaft.

Power Transmission Components

Lists components involved in power transmission from crankshaft to propeller.

Governor System

Describes the hydraulic governor for constant speed propellers.

Preservation and Storage

Engine Preservation and Storage

Details safety precautions and general preventive measures for preservation.

Engine Return to Operation

Outlines procedures for returning the engine to operation after preservation.

Engine Preservation Procedures

General Environmental Corrosion

Discusses environmental corrosion and measures for combating it.

Engine Return to Operation

Supplement

Customer Service Information Report Form

Instructs to fill out a form for reporting relevant occurrences involving engine malfunction.

Authorized Distributor Information

Refers to the official ROTAX website for authorized distributors.

Customer Service Information Report Form

Proper Disposal

General Disposal Regulations

States that all old/used parts, liquids, and agents should be disposed of according to local ordinances.

Packaging Disposal

Packaging disposal is the customer's responsibility according to country regulations.

Liquid Disposal

Provides disposal instructions for engine oil, coolant, and fuel.

Parts and Chemical Disposal

Old;Used Parts Return

Instructs to return old/used parts to ROTAX Authorized Distributors or Service Centers.

Chemical Agents Disposal

Advises observing safety and disposal instructions of the manufacturer for chemical agents.

Rotax Care Warranty Program

Rotax Care Program Details

Extended warranty program for Rotax 4-stroke aircraft engines.

Extended Warranty Coverage

Rotax Care adds three years or Time Between Overhaul (TBO), whichever comes first.

Comprehensive Coverage

Rotax Care covers all engine parts and services by certified technicians.

Full TBO Coverage Extension

Adds 36/42 months or TBO to standard warranty coverage.

Transferable Warranty Coverage

Rotax Care coverage can be transferred to a new owner.

Engine Registration for Warranty

Explains the process for activating warranty coverage through registration.

Genuine Parts Policy

Genuine Parts Quality and Value

Emphasizes the quality, value, and trust of genuine Rotax parts.

Rotax Genuine Parts Manufacturing Standards

States that parts meet strict quality standards for exact fit and performance.

Rotax Genuine Parts Approvals

Mentions that parts meet DOA/POA and quality standards (EASA/ASTM).

Genuine Parts Warranty Coverage

Covers the first 24 months or 100 hours of operation, whichever occurs first.

Warranty Exclusion for Non-Genuine Parts

States that warranty is nullified if non-genuine parts cause an event.

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