34 SEBU8325-01
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
Terminology
Certain abbreviations follow the nomenclature of
“SAE J754”. So
me classifications follow “SAE J183”
abbreviations, and some classifications follow the
“EMA Recommended Guideline on Diesel Engine
Oil”. In addi
tion to Perkins definitions, there are other
definitions that will be of assistance in purchasing
lubricants. Recommended oil viscosities can be found
in this publ
ication, “Fluid Recommendations/Engine
Oil” topic (Maintenance Section).
Engine Oil
Commercia
l Oils
The performance of commercial diesel engine
oils is bas
ed on American Petroleum Institute
(API) classifications. These API classifications are
developed in order to provide commercial lubricants
for a broa
d range of diesel engines that operate at
various conditions.
Only use c
ommercial oils that meet the following
classifications:
•
API CH-4
CI-4
In order to make the correct choice of a comme rcial
oil, ref
er to the following explanations:
EMA DHD-1 – The Engine Manufacturers
Associ
ation (EMA) has developed lubricant
recommendations as an alternative to the API oil
classification system. DHD-1 is a Recommended
Guide
line that defines a level of oil performance for
these types of diesel engines: high speed, four stroke
cycle, heavy-duty, and light duty. DHD-1 oils may
be use
d in Perkins engines when the following oils
are recommended: API CH-4, API CG-4, and API
CF-4. DHD-1 oils are intended to provide superior
perf
ormance in comparison to API CG-4 and API
CF-4.
DHD-
1 oils will meet the needs of high performance
Perkins diesel engines that are operating in many
applications. The tests and the test limits that are
use
dtodefine DHD-1 are similar to the new API
CH-4 classification. Therefore, these oils will also
meet the requirements for diesel engines that require
low
emissions. DHD-1 oils are designed to control the
harmful effects of soot with improved wear resistance
andimprovedresistancetopluggingoftheoilfilter.
Th
ese oils will also provide superior piston deposit
control for engines with either two-piece steel pistons
or aluminum pistons.
All DHD-1 oils m
ust complete a full test program
with the base stock and with the viscosity grade of
the finishedcommercialoil.Theuseof“APIBase
Oil Interchan
ge Guidelines” are not appropriate for
DHD-1 o ils. This feature reduces the variation in
performance that can occur when base stocks are
changed in co
mmercial oil formulations.
DHD-1 oils are recommended for use in extend ed oil
change inte
rval programs that optimize the life of the
oil. These oil change interval programs are based
on oil analysis. DHD-1 oils are recommended for
conditions
that demand a premium oil. Your Perkins
dealer or your Perkins distributor has the specific
guidelines for optimizing oil change intervals.
API CH-4 – API CH-4 oils were developed in order to
meet the requirements of the new high performance
diesel eng
ines. Also, the oil was designed to
meet the requirements of the low emissions diesel
engines. API CH-4 oils are also acceptable for use
in older d
iesel engines and in diesel engines that
use high sulfur diesel fuel. API CH-4 oils may be
used in Perkins engines that use API CG-4 and API
CF-4 oils
. API CH-4 oils will generally exceed the
performance of API CG-4 oils in the following criteria:
deposits on pistons, control of oil consumption, wear
of pisto
n rings, valve train wear, viscosity control,
and corrosion.
Three ne
w engine tests were developed for the API
CH-4 oil . The first test specifically evaluates deposits
on pistons for engines with the two-piece steel piston.
This te
st (piston deposit) also measures the control
of oil consumption. A second test is conducted
with moderate oil soot. The second test measures
the fo
llowing criteria: wear of piston rings, wear of
cylinder liners, and resistance to corrosion. A third
new test measures the following characteristics with
high l
evels of soot in the oil: wear of the valve train,
resistance of the oil in plugging the oil filter, and
control of sludge.
In addition to the new tests, API CH-4 oils have
tougher limits for viscosity control in applications that
gene
rate high soot. The oils also have improved
oxidation resistance. API CH-4 oils must pass an
additional test (piston deposit) for engines that use
alu
minum pistons (single piece). Oil performance is
also established for engines that operate in areas
with high sulfur diesel fuel.
All of these improvements allow the API CH-4
oil to achieve optimum oil change intervals. API
CH
-4 oils are recommended for use in extended oil
change intervals. API CH-4 oils are recommended
for conditions that demand a premium oil. Your
Pe
rkins dealer or your Perkins distributor has specific
guidelines for optimizing oil change intervals.
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