Fiori DB 460 - Page 212

44 SEBU8325-01
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
(Table 16, contd)
Lubricity corrected
wear scar diam
eter at
60 °C (140 °F).
(7)
mm
0.46 maximum D6079
“ISO”12156-1
(1)
This specific ation includes the requirements f or Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD). ULSD fuel w ill have ≤ 15 ppm (0.0015%) sulfur. Refer to
“ASTM D5453”, “ASTM D2622”, or “ISO 20846, ISO 20884” test m ethods. T his specification includes the requirements for Low Sulfur
Diesel (LSD). LS D fuel will have ≤500 ppm (0.05%) sulfur. Refer to following:“ASTM 54 53, ASTM D262 2”, “ISO 20846”, and “ISO 20884
test methods”.
(2)
A fuel with a higher cetane number is recommende d in order to operate at a higher altitude or in cold weather.
(3)
“Via standa
rds tables, the equivalent API gravity for the m inimum density of 801 kg / m
3
(kilograms per cubic meter) is 45 and for the
maximum den
sity o f 876 kg / m
3
is 30” .
(4)
Regional regulations, national regulations, or international regulations can require a fuel with a specific sulfur limit. Consult all applicable
regulations before selecting a fuel for a given engine application. Per kins fuel system s and engine components can operate on high sulfur
fuels. Fuel sulfur levels affect exhaust emissions. High sulfur fuels also increase the potential for c orrosion of internal components.
Fuel s ulfur levels above 0.5% may significantly shorten the oil change interval. For additional information, refer to this manual, “Fluid
recommendations (General lubricant Information)”.
(5)
The values of the fuel viscosity are the values as the fuel is delivered to the f uel injection pumps. Fuel should also meet the minimum
viscosity requirement and the fuel should m eet the maximum viscosity requirements at 40 °C (104 °F) of e ither the “ASTM D445” test
method or the “ISO 3104” test method. If a fuel with a low viscosity is used, cooling of the fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or
greater viscosity at the fuel injection pum p. Fuels w ith a high viscosity might require fuel heaters in order to lower the viscosity to 4.5
cSt at the fuel injection pump.
(6)
Follow the
test conditions and procedures for gasoline (motor).
(7)
The lubricity of a fuel is a concern w ith low sulfur and ultra low sulfur fuel. To determine the lubricity of the fuel, use the “ISO 12156-1
or A ST M D6079 High F requency Reciprocating R ig (HFRR)” test. If the lubricity of a fuel does not meet the minimum requirements,
consult your fuel supplier. Do not treat the fuel without consulting the fuel supplier. Some additives are not compatible. These additives
can cause problems in the fuel system.
NOTICE
Operating with fuels that do not meet the Perkins rec-
ommenda
tions can cause the following ef fects: Start-
ing difficulty, poor combustion, deposits in the fuel in-
jectors, reduced service life of the fuel system, de-
posits
in the combustion chamber, and reduced ser-
vice life of the engine.
Engine
s that are manufactured by Perkins are certified
with the fuel that is prescribed by the United States En-
vironmental Protection Agency. Engines that are man-
ufact
ured by Perkins are certified with the fuel that
is prescribed by the European Certification and oth-
er regulatory agencies. Perkins does not certify diesel
engin
es on any other fuel.
Note: The owner and the operator of the engine has
the r
esponsibility of using the fuel that is prescribed
by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
other appropriate regulatory agencies.
Diesel Fuel Characteristics
Perkins Recommendations
Ce
tane Number
Fuel that has a high cetane number will give a shorter
ig
nition delay. This will produce a better ignition
quality. Cetane numbers are derived for fuels against
proportions of cetane and heptamethylnonane in the
s
tandard CFR engine. Refer to “ISO 5165” for the
test method.
Cetane numbers in excess of 45 are normally
expecte
d from current diesel fuel. However, a cetane
number of 40 may be experienced in some territories.
TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisoneoftheterritories
that can
have a low cetane value. A minimum cetane
value of 40 is required during average starting
conditions. A higher cetane value may be required
for ope
rations at high altitudes or in cold-weather
operations.
Fuel w
ith a low cetane number can be the root cause
of problems during cold start.
Visco
sity
Viscosity is the property of a liquid of offering
resi
stance to shear or flow. Viscosity decreases with
increasing temperature. This decrease in viscosity
follows a logarithmic relationship for normal fossil
fuel
. The common reference is to kinematic viscosity.
This is the quotient of the dynamic viscosity that is
divided by the density. The determination of kinematic
visc
osity is normally by readings from gravity flow
viscometers at standard temperatures. Refer to “ISO
3104” for the test method.
The viscosity of the fuel is significant because fuel
serves as a lubricant for the fuel system components.
Fu
el must have sufficient viscosity in order to
lubricate the fuel system in both cold temperatures
and hot temperatures. If the kinematic viscosity of the
fu
el is lower than 1.4 cSt at the fuel injection pump
damage to the fuel injection pump can occur. This
damag e can be excessive scuffing and seizure. Low
vi
scosity may lead to difficult hot restarting, stalling,
and loss of performance. High viscosity may result in
seizure of the pump.