Keysight 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit
Multimeter User’s Guide
4
Measurement Tutorial
The Keysight 34410A/11A/L4411A multimeter is capable of making
highly accurate measurements. In order to achieve the greatest accuracy,
you must take the necessary steps to eliminate potential measurement
errors. This chapter describes common errors found in measurements
and gives suggestions to help you avoid these errors.
DC Measurement Considerations 103
Thermal EMF Errors 103
Loading Errors (dc volts) 103
Noise Rejection 104
Rejecting Power–Line Noise Voltages 104
Common Mode Rejection (CMR) 104
Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops 105
Noise Caused by Ground Loops 105
Resistance Measurement Considerations 106
4–Wire Ohms Measurements 106
Removing Test Lead Resistance Errors 107
Minimizing Power Dissipation Effects 107
Errors in High Resistance Measurements 107
True RMS AC Measurements 108
True RMS Accuracy and High–Frequency Signal Content 109
Estimating High–Frequency (Out–of–Band) Error 112
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