within the protected area. Therefore, it should be set beyond the reach of the
farthest zone.
X1Start: This is to set positive sequence reactance reach in Ohm of starting element
quadrilateral characteristic. It will be set to operate for all faults within the
protected area. Therefore, it should be set beyond the reach of the farthest zone.
RFPEStart: This is used to set the forward and reverse resistive reach in Ohm for
PE starting element when the quadrilateral characteristic is selected. It will be set to
a value greater than the resistive reach of the farthest zone.
RFPPStart: This is used to set the forward and reverse resistive reach in Ohm for
PP starting element when the quadrilateral characteristic is selected. It will be set to
a value greater than the resistive reach of the farthest zone. It is not applicable for
compensated and high impedance earthed systems.
I0MinOp: This is the minimum operating current of residual overcurrent start as %
of IBase. It should be set to detect all earth faults, but above any continuous
residual current under normal operating conditions. The default value is 10% IB.
KI0Stab: The stabilizing factor to prevent operation of the residual overcurrent start
caused by an unbalance or dissimilar CT behaviour in the event of high short
circuit currents. The default setting is 0.8.
REOverRLStart: This is used to set the earth return compensation factor for
resistance of the starting element. It is not applicable for compensated and high
impedance earthed systems.
XEOverXLStart: This is used to set the earth return compensation factor for
reactance of the starting element. It is not applicable for compensated and high
impedance earthed systems.
Direction
GUID-02B0EB72-B881-4FFC-A488-AC5014820F7C v2
Ar
gNegRes: This is the angle for blinder in the second quadrant. The default setting
is 120 deg and it should not be changed unless system studies show the necessity.
Ar
gDir: This is the angle of setting in the fourth quadrant. The default setting is 15
deg and it should not be changed unless system studies show the necessity.
Zone 1
GUID-5889A738-43EE-47DC-85C9-EFD9D837C123 v2
OpZ1: This is used for the Off/On operation of zone 1 and it is set to On by default.
DirModeZ1: This is used to set the zone 1 direction mode. It can be set to Non-
directional, Forward and Reverse. The Forward direction mode is set by default.
PhSelModeZ1: This is used to enable the measuring loops of zone 1. It can be set to
Phsel logic, Release L1E, ReleaseL2E, Release PE, Release L1L2 and Release
PE&PP modes. The default setting is Phsel logic mode.
LEModeZ1: This is used to operate the load discrimination characteristic of zone 1.
The default setting is Off.
Section 7 1MRK 506 375-UEN A
Impedance protection
116 Railway application RER670 2.2 IEC
Application manual
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