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T013C7
System description
TRIO grid-tied inverters provide the capability to supply the utility grid with energy obtained from photovoltaic
modules. To efciently use the DC generated by a photovoltaic eld, it must be transformed into alternating current
(AC) via a conversion process known as DC-AC inversion.
This process is the basis of all grid-tied inverters and is achieved very efciently by the inverter without the use of
rotating elements. When the inverter output is connected in parallel to the utility power grid, the alternating current
output from the inverter ows directly into the distribution circuit, and is connected in turn to the public distribution
utility grid.
The photovoltaic energy system can thus feed all the connected user electrical loads:
• If the energy supply from the photovoltaic system is lower than the user’s load requirement, the additional
energy necessary to guarantee normal functioning of the connected appliances is taken from the public
distribution network.
• If the energy supply from the photovoltaic system is greater than the user’s load requirement (i.e. an excess
of energy is produced), the loads are supplied and the excess energy is sent directly into the public network,
becoming available to other users.
Depending on prevailing codes and regulations of the installation area, the energy produced can be sold to the
utility or credited against future consumption, producing energy savings.
STRINGS AND ARRAYS
A photovoltaic module consists of many photovoltaic cells designed to generate DC power when exposed to
sunlight. When multiple photovoltaic modules are electrically connected in series, this is commonly referred to as
a photovoltaic string. An array consists of a mechanically integrated assembly of modules or strings to produce a
DC system.
Large photovoltaic systems can be made up of several arrays, connected to one or more inverters. By maximizing
the number of photovoltaic modules inserted into each string, the string output voltage is increased, which reduces
the cost and complexity of the photovoltaic system. The current of each string and/or array must fall within the limits
of the inverter.
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