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ThermaCAM P45
FLIR ThermaCAM P45 User Manual
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■
The
temperature
range
over
which
the
battery
can
be
discharged
is
-15–+45
°C
(+18.8–+113
°F).
Use
of
the
battery
outside
of
this
temperature
range
may
damage
the
performance
of
the
battery
or
may
reduce
its
life
expectancy
.
12
Publ.
No.
1557966
Rev
.
a155
–
ENGLISH
(EN)
–
February
6,
2006
107
12
–
Electrical
power
system
122
124
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
3
Table of Contents
11
1 Warnings & Cautions
17
2 Important Note about this Manual
19
3 Welcome
21
About FLIR Systems
22
A few Images from Our Facilities
24
Comments & Questions
26
4 Packing List
27
5 System Overview
29
6 Connecting System Components
31
Front Connectors
31
Rear Connectors
32
7 Introduction to Thermographic Inspections of Electrical Installations
33
Important Note
33
General Information
33
Introduction
33
General Equipment Data
34
Classification & Reporting
35
Inspection
35
Priority
36
Repair
36
Control
37
Measurement Technique for Thermographic Inspection of Electrical Installations
38
How to Correctly Set the Equipment
38
Temperature Measurement
38
Comparative Measurement
40
Normal Operating Temperature
41
Classification of Faults
42
Reporting
44
Different Types of Hot Spots in Electrical Installations
46
Reflections
46
Solar Heating
46
Inductive Heating
47
Load Variations
47
Varying Cooling Conditions
48
Overheating in One Part as a Result of a Fault in Another
49
Resistance Variations
49
Disturbance Factors at Thermographic Inspection of Electrical Installations
51
Rain and Snow
51
Wind
51
Distance to Object
52
Object Size
53
Practical Advice for the Thermographer
55
Emissivity
55
From Cold to Hot
55
Rain Showers
55
Object too Far Away
56
Reflected Apparent Temperature
56
8 Tutorials
57
Switching on & Switching off the Camera
57
Working with Images & Folders
58
Acquiring an Image
58
Deleting One or Several Images
58
Navigating in Folders
58
Opening an Image
58
Create a New Folder
59
Freezing & Unfreezing an Image
59
Saving an Image
59
Working with Measurements
60
Laying out & Moving a Circle
60
Laying out & Moving a Spot
60
Laying out & Moving an Box
60
Creating & Changing an Isotherm
61
Laying out & Moving a Line
61
Resizing a Measurement Marker
61
Moving a Measurement Marker
62
Working with Alarms
63
Setting the Reference Temperature
63
Setting up a Silent Alarm
64
Setting up an Audible Alarm
64
Changing Level & Span
66
Changing the Level
66
Changing the Span
66
Changing System Settings
67
Changing the Date Format
67
Changing the Language
67
Changing the Temperature Unit
67
Changing the Time Format
67
Changing Date & Time
68
Working with the Camera
69
Mounting an Additional Lens
69
Camera Setup When Using the Protective Window (P/N 1 194 977)
70
Focusing the Camera Manually
70
Focusing the Camera Using Autofocus
70
Using the Electronic Zoom
70
Inserting & Removing the Battery
71
Inserting the Battery
71
Removing the Battery
71
9 Camera Overview
73
Camera Parts
73
Keypad Buttons & Functions
80
Autofocus
82
Camera Status LCD
83
Laser Locatir
84
10 Camera Program
85
Screen Objects
85
Result Table
85
Status Bar
86
Status Messages
86
System Messages
86
Temperature Scale
86
Warning Messages
87
Menu System
88
Navigating in the Menu System
88
File Menu
89
Images
89
Periodic Save
90
Save
90
Voice Comment
91
Add Spot
93
Analysis Menu
93
Edit Mode
93
Add Box
95
Add Circle
97
Add Line
99
Add Isotherm
101
Add Diff
103
Remove All
103
Deactivate Local Par
104
Obj Par
104
Freeze/Live
105
Image Menu
105
Level/Span
105
Manual Adjust / Continuous Adjust
105
Range
105
Hide Graphics
106
Palette
106
Image
107
Setup Menu
107
Difference
108
Save
109
Alarm
111
Power
112
Status Bar
112
Buttons
113
Date/Time
114
Camera Info
115
Factory Default
115
Local Settings
115
11 Folder and File Structure
117
12 Electrical Power System
119
Internal Battery Charging
120
External Battery Charging
121
Battery Safety Warnings
122
13 Note on LEMO Connectors
125
How to Connect & Disconnect LEMO Connectors
125
14 Maintenance & Cleaning
127
Camera Body, Cables & Accessories
127
Lenses
127
15 Troubleshooting
129
16 Technical Specifications & Dimensional Drawings
131
Imaging Performance
131
Detector
131
Image Presentation
131
Temperature Ranges
131
Correction Parameters
131
Laser Locatir
132
Electrical Power System
132
Environmental Specifications
132
Physical Specifications
132
Interfaces & Connectors
133
Pin Configurations
133
Headset Connector
133
RS-232/USB Connector
134
Power Connector
135
Remote Control Connector
135
CVBS Connector
136
S-Video Connector
136
Relationship between Fields of View and Distance
137
Basic Dimensions - Battery Charger
152
Basic Dimensions - Battery
153
Basic Dimensions - Camera
154
Basic Dimensions - Camera
155
17 Glossary
157
18 Thermographic Measurement Techniques
161
Introduction
161
Emissivity
161
Finding the Emissivity of a Sample
162
Step 1: Determining Reflected Apparent Temperature
162
Step 2: Determining the Emissivity
164
Reflected Apparent Temperature
165
Distance
165
Relative Humidity
165
Other Parameters
165
19 History of Infrared Technology
167
20 Theory of Thermography
171
Introduction
171
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
171
Blackbody Radiation
172
Planck's Law
173
Wien's Displacement Law
174
Non-Blackbody Emitters
176
Stefan-Boltzmann's Law
176
Infrared Semi-Transparent Materials
179
21 The Measurement Formula
181
22 Emissivity Tables
187
References
187
Important Note about the Emissivity Tables
187
Tables
187
Index
203
4
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FLIR ThermaCAM P45 Specifications
General
Brand
FLIR
Model
ThermaCAM P45
Category
Thermal cameras
Language
English
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