Theory 
of 
0 
PRECISION 
DAC 
A/D AMPLlf IER 
+7v 
T 
Fgure 
5-1 
1. 
Autozero 
Period 
and a 
P 
line. The 
G 
lines go to the control 
grids, 
and the 
P 
board.  F+h  button  contains a conductive pad th 
lines go to  the  plates. 
two  cont&s  when  pressed. 
The Digital Controller sequentially enables the 
G 
lines by 
527. 
DIGITAL 
CONT~~R 
applying 
+30V 
dc (nominal).  When  a 
G 
line 
is 
enabled, 
electrons flow from the filament to the enabled grid. If  a 
P 
The  Digital  Controller  (Figure 5-13)  ~~nsists 
a 
line is enabled (i.e.,  raised to a nominal  +30V 
dc 
by  the  Guard 
116 
W202), 
External  Program  Memory 
Digital Controller), the electrons continue 
past 
the 
grid 
and 
Calibratim Memory 
(U220), 
KeyboarVDisplay 
I 
strike the respective plate,  causing  it  to  glow. 
and  assoaiated  components. 
!ration 
DISPLAY 
- 
shorts 
he  In- 
u2221, 
erface, 
lip  28 
ytes 
of 
~icates 
is 
and 
I 
pin 
6 
)y 
the 
n 
6 
is 
: 
PC. 
. 
Each 
has 
a 
a1 
bus 
)-AD7 
ificant 
most- 
l 
reads 
write 
e,  the 
!en 
an 
5-1 
3 
5-26. 
KEYBOARD 
5-28. 
IMuard 
Microcodnputer 
The keyboard  consists of  a silicone-rubber  switch matrix 
located over metalized epoxy contacts on the printed wire 
The  In-Ghard  MicrocompuSer 
(PC) 
is  a  single- 
microcomputer containing 
48 
bytes of 
ROM, 
144 
I 
Pa-Pg 
! 
i 
' 
WwiwmT 
I 
G 
1 
i 
I 
RAM, 
a 
UART, 
and four 8-bit 
110 
ports. 
It coma 
with  the  test  of  the instrunient  via  the  intemai 
dedicated 
110 
lines. The In-Guard 
PC 
is reset wh 
is  pulled  low  either  by 
C204 
at  power-up  or 
watchdog timer in  the custbm 
AID 
IC (U101). 
tied  to  +$V  through  a 
100 
k& 
resistor  inside 
1 
All 
intern#  bus communicahion is memory-mapp 
component that  sends or  receives data on the bi 
unique  address  or  range  of  addresses. The  inte 
consists of  lines 
ADO-AD7 
and A8-All. Lines 
A 
are  time-multiplexed  to  carry  both  the  least-si 
address byte and the data. Lines A8-All  cany tl 
significant bits of  the addresb. The 
pC 
writes to a 
from  the  internal  bus  according  to  the  read 
a~ 
cycles  sh~wn in  Figure 
5-14. 
During  either 
q 
Figure 
5-12. 
Vacuum  Fluorescent 
Display 
address  strobe 
(AS) 
changes  from  low  to high 
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