D. Battery Charging: The ammeter should indicate a negative charging rate while the
engine is being started. The ammeter reading should return to the positive side as soon as
the engine starts and RPM increases. A low charging rate is normal after the initial recharg-
ing of battery. A zero reading or negative reading with electrical load may indicate a
malfunction in the alternator or regulator system.
80-00-05
FLOODED ENGINE
1.
Mixture Control
-
IDLE CUT-OFF.
2.
Throttle
-
1
/2 OPEN.
3.
Magneto/Start Switch
-
START
4.
As the engine starts, return the Magneto/Start Switch to BOTH. Retard the throttle and
slowly advance the mixture control to FULL
RICH position.
80-00-06
COLD WEATHER OPERATION. (Ambient Temperature Below Freezing)
NOTE.
. .
Prior to operation and/or storage in cold weather assure engine oil viscosity
is
SAE
30, 10W30, 15W50 or 20W50. In the event of temporary cold weather operation not
justifying an oil change to SAE 30, consideration should be given to hangaring the aircraft
between flights.
Engine starting during extreme cold weather is generally more difficult than during warm
weather conditions. Cold soaking causes the oil to become thicker (more viscous), making it
more difficult for the starter to crank the engine. This results in a slow cranking speed and
an abnormal drain on the battery capacity. At low temperatures, gasoline does not vaporize
readily, further complicating the starting problem.
CAUITIION.
.
.
During cold weather operation fuel vaporization characteristics are poor.
Mismanagement of the auxiliary fuel pump or
overpriming of the engine could lead to cylinder
hydro-static lock
False starting (failure to continue running after starting) often results in the formation of
moisture on
the spark plugs due to condensation.
This moisture can freeze and must be
eliminated either by applying heat to the engine or removing and cleaning the spark plugs.
80-00-07
PREHEATING
The use of preheat and auxiliary power unit (APU) will facilitate starting during cold weather
and is recommended when the engine has been cold soaked at temperatures of
30°F. and below
in excess of 2 hours. Successful starts without these aids can be expected at temperatures
below normal, provided the engine is in good condition and the ignition and fuel systems are
properly maintained.
The following procedures are recommended for preheating, starting, warm-up, run-up and
takeoff.
1.
Select a high volume
hot air heater. Small electric heaters which are inserted into
the cowling opening do not appreciably warm the oil and may result in superficial
preheating.
WARNING. . . Superficial application of preheat t~ a cold-soaked engine can cause
darnage lo the engine.
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