C–2
RADIATION TYPES
The radioactive sources in the Model 3440-L gauge produce four types of
radiation:
Alpha Particles
Beta Particles
Photons (Gamma Rays)
Neutrons
The alpha and beta particles are stopped by the source capsule. Only the
photon and neutron radiation contributes to any occupational radiation
exposure.
Photon (gamma) radiation is electromagnetic radiation, as are x-rays, radio
waves, and visible light. Visible light and photons have no mass or
electrical charge, and travel at the speed of light. Photons are energetic and
penetrating. Photons originate from the nucleus of the cesium-137 atom
after radioactive decay. The number of photons emitted from a 3440-L
gauge is very low. Dense materials (i.e., lead, cadmium, etc.) provide the
best shielding against photon radiation.
Neutron radiation allows measurement of the hydrogen (water) content in a
material because the neutrons are slowed by collisions with materials
containing hydrogen atoms (for example: water, polyethylene, etc.).
Neutrons have no charge and are very penetrating.
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