4.2.6 Harmonics-based earth-fault protection HAEFPTOC.................................................460
4.2.7 Wattmetric-based earth-fault protection WPWDE......................................................468
4.2.8 Multifrequency admittance-based earth-fault protection MFADPSDE...................480
4.3 Differential protection....................................................................................................................... 501
4.3.1 Stabilized and instantaneous differential protection for machines MPDIF........... 502
4.3.2 Stabilized and instantaneous differential protection for two-winding
transformers TR2PTDF................................................................................................. 519
4.3.3 Numerical stabilized low-impedance restricted earth-fault protection
LREFPNDF....................................................................................................................... 558
4.3.4 High-impedance based restricted earth-fault protection HREFPDIF......................569
4.3.5 High-impedance differential protection HIxPDIF........................................................ 582
4.3.6 High-impedance/flux-balance based differential protection for motors
MHZPDIF..........................................................................................................................597
4.4 Unbalance protection........................................................................................................................ 609
4.4.1 Negative-sequence overcurrent protection NSPTOC................................................. 609
4.4.2 Phase discontinuity protection PDNSPTOC.................................................................. 615
4.4.3 Phase reversal protection PREVPTOC............................................................................ 620
4.4.4 Negative-sequence overcurrent protection for machines MNSPTOC..................... 623
4.5 Voltage protection............................................................................................................................. 630
4.5.1 Three-phase overvoltage protection PHPTOV..............................................................630
4.5.2 Single-phase overvoltage protection PHAPTOV...........................................................637
4.5.3 Three-phase undervoltage protection PHPTUV........................................................... 645
4.5.4 Single-phase undervoltage protection PHAPTUV........................................................ 653
4.5.5 Residual overvoltage protection ROVPTOV.................................................................. 660
4.5.6 Negative-sequence overvoltage protection NSPTOV................................................. 664
4.5.7 Positive-sequence undervoltage protection PSPTUV................................................. 668
4.5.8 Overexcitation protection OEPVPH.................................................................................672
4.5.9 Low-voltage ride-through protection LVRTPTUV........................................................ 687
4.5.10 Voltage vector shift protection VVSPPAM.....................................................................695
4.6 Frequency protection........................................................................................................................ 700
4.6.1 Frequency protection FRPFRQ.........................................................................................700
4.6.2 Load-shedding and restoration LSHDPFRQ..................................................................709
4.7 Impedance protection........................................................................................................................ 719
4.7.1 Three-phase underexcitation protection UEXPDIS......................................................720
4.8 Power protection................................................................................................................................ 728
4.8.1 Underpower protection DUPPDPR.................................................................................. 728
4.8.2 Reverse power-directional overpower protection DOPPDPR.................................... 735
4.8.3 Directional reactive power undervoltage protection DQPTUV................................. 744
4.9 Arc protection ARCSARC................................................................................................................... 749
4.9.1 Identification....................................................................................................................... 749
4.9.2 Function block..................................................................................................................... 749
4.9.3 Functionality........................................................................................................................ 749
4.9.4 Operation principle.............................................................................................................750
4.9.5 Application............................................................................................................................751
Contents
620 series
Technical Manual
11