SECTION 14: STEERING
36
PA1621 Maintenance Manual All Series | January 2017
15.2.11 Front Wheel Toe-In
Wheel toe-in is the degree (usually expressed in
fractions of an inch) to which the forward part of
the vehicle front wheels are closer together than
the rear part, measured at wheel centerline height
with the wheels in the normal ‘’straight-ahead’’
position of the steering gear.
Incorrect toe-in results in excessive tire wear
caused by side slippage and also steering
instability with a tendency to wander. Toe-in may
be measured from the center of tire tread or from
the inside of the tires. Take measurements at
both front and rear of axle (see ’’A” and ‘’B’’ in
Figure 40).
When setting toe-in adjustment, the front
suspension must be neutralized; that is, all
component parts must be in the same relative
position when marking the adjustment as they
will be when in operation.
To neutralize the suspension, the vehicle must
be rolled forward, approximately ten feet.
FIGURE 40: TOE-IN MEASUREMENT
For toe-in specifications, refer to paragraph
15.2.12 in this section.
By rolling the vehicle forward, all tolerances in
the front suspension are taken up and the
suspension is then in its normal operating
position. Neutralizing the front suspension is
extremely important, especially if the vehicle has
been jacked up in order to mark the tires.
Otherwise, the front wheels will not return to
their normal operating position due to the tires
gripping the floor surface when the vehicle jack
is lowered.
NOTE
‘’Toe-in’’ measurements must be taken at the
horizontal axis of the wheel centerline.
15.2.12 Inspection and Adjustment
Before checking front wheel toe-in, first check
the camber angles and make the necessary
corrections.
1. Measure the toe-in.
2. If the toe-in measurement is not within the
specified tolerance, carry out the following
procedure :
a. Loosen the pinch bolt nuts and bolts on
each tie rod end.
b. Turn the tie rod until the specified toe-in
measurement is obtained.
c. Tighten the pinch bolt nuts alternately
and progressively thus securing all tie
rod joints.
TORQUE 85-103 lb-ft (115-140 Nm)
Use static wheel alignment systems which work
with angle measurements only, such as Josam
or Hunter systems. Static alignment
specifications are listed in the following tables:
FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
SPECIFICATIONS WITH I-BEAM AXLE
Front Wheel
Alignment
Minimal Nominal Maximal
Camber
R.H. and L.H. *
(degrees)
-0.250 0.125 0.375
Caster
R.H. and L.H.
(degrees)
2 2.75 3.5
Total toe
(A minus B)
(degrees)
0.04 0.06 0.08
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