Contents
iii
The flow modes..................................................................................................................52
The pressure modes...........................................................................................................52
Procedure: Selecting a column mode............................................................................ 53
Enter the initial flow or pressure or average linear velocity ..............................................54
Procedure: Setting initial flow or pressure or average linear velocity...................... 56
Enter a flow or pressure program (optional)........................................................................57
Procedure: Programming column pressure or flow .................................................... 57
Enter the rest of the inlet parameters....................................................................................59
Procedure: Setting the rest of the inlet parameters..................................................... 60
Detectors ...................................................................................................................................62
Gas configuration...............................................................................................................65
Makeup gas .........................................................................................................................65
Auxiliary channels....................................................................................................................66
Procedure: Changing an auxiliary channel frit............................................................. 69
Maintaining EPC calibration ...................................................................................................70
Flow sensors.......................................................................................................................70
Pressure sensors ................................................................................................................70
Zero conditions ..................................................................................................................70
Procedure: Zeroing flow and pressure sensors............................................................ 71
Part 2. NonEPC control ......................................................................................72
Inlets...........................................................................................................................................72
Septum purge......................................................................................................................72
Detectors ...................................................................................................................................73
Internal/external plumbing: FID and NPD without EPC ...........................................73
Internal/external plumbing: TCD without EPC...........................................................74
Internal/external plumbing: ECD without EPC...........................................................74
Part 3. Measuring flow rates .............................................................................. 76
Measuring flow rates with a bubble meter............................................................................76
Where to measure flows ..........................................................................................................77
Adapters for measuring flow rates ..................................................................................77
Procedure: Measuring gas flows with a bubble meter ................................................ 78
Interpreting flow meter measurements.................................................................................79
Part 4. Flow and pressure problems .................................................................. 80
A gas does not reach the setpoint pressure or flow.............................................................80
A gas exceeds the setpoint pressure or flow ........................................................................81
The inlet pressure or flow fluctuates.....................................................................................81
The measured flow is not equal to the displayed flow ........................................................82