Glossary
G–9
specular reflection
Reflection of light from a surface at
an angle equal but opposite to the
angle of incidence. See reflectance,
specular.
spots
Ink or dirt spots within the spaces or
clear area of a bar code which may
reduce first read rate.
start/stop character
A bar code character that provides
the scanner with start and stop
reading instructions as well as code
orientation.
stepladder code
See vertical bar code.
substitution error
This error can be seen in a
mis–encodation, mis–read, or human
operator error. Characters are
substituted with erroneous
information. Example: correct
information is 1, 2, 3, 4; substitution
is 1, 2, 5, 4. Substitution errors are
usually the result of bar code labels
with printing defects. Substitution
errors are extremely difficult to
determine and are usually not found
until the data has been processed and
an obvious data error is noticed.
symbol
A combination of characters
including start/stop characters and
check characters, as required, which
form a complete scannable entity.
symbol density
The number of characters per linear
inch.
symbol length
The length of the symbol measured
from the beginning of the quiet area
adjacent to the start character to the
end of the quiet area adjacent to a
stop character.
U
unattended system
A Scanner/decoder combination that
is triggered, or activated, by an
external source such as a computer,
PLC or mechanical switch.
UPC
Universal Product Code. The
standard bar code symbol for retail
food packaging in the United States.
V
vertical bar code (ladder
orientation)
A code pattern in which the overall
coded area from start to stop is
perpendicular to the horizon. The
individual bars appear as rungs of a
ladder.
void(s)
The absence of ink within printed
bars. The absence of ink within the
confines of a character.
W
wand
A hand held scanning device used as
a contact bar code or OCR reader.
white zone – see quiet zone
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