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Appendix F: Glossary Of Terms
The glossary contains brief denitions of many of the audio and electronic terms and acronyms used in
discussions of sound mixing and recording. If you would like more information, we recommend the following:
The Audio Dictionary
—
Glenn White
Tech Terms
—
Peterson&Oppenheimer
Handbook For Sound Engineers
—
Glen Ballou
Pro Audio Reference
—
Dennis Bohn
Sound Reinforcement Handbook
—
Gary Davis
A/D Converter
—Analog-to-digitalconverter.Adevicethattransformsincominganalogsignalsinto
digital form.
AFL—AnacronymforAfterFadeListen,whichisanotherwayofsayingpost-fadersolofunction.
Attenuate — To reduce or make quieter.
Aux — Short for auxiliary.
Auxiliary — Long for aux. In sound mixers, supplemental equipment or features that provide additional
capabilities to the basic system.
Aux Send—Amixerbusoutputdesignedtosendasignaltoanauxiliaryprocessorormonitorsystem.
Balanced Input—Aninputconsistsoftwoleads,neitherofwhichiscommontothecircuitground.
Thisisa“dierentialpair”,wherethesignalconsistsofthe
dierence
in voltage between the two leads.
Balanced input circuits can oer excellent rejection of common-mode noise induced into the line.
Balanced Output—Inaclassicbalancedaudiocircuit,theoutputiscarriedontwoleads(highor+and
low or –) which are isolated from the circuit ground by exactly the same impedance.
Asymmetricalbalancedoutputcarriesthesamesignalatexactlythesamelevelbutofoppositepolarity
with respect to ground.
Aspecialcaseofabalancedoutputcarriesthesignalononlyonelead,withtheotherleadbeingat
zero voltage with respect to ground, but at the same impedance as the signal-carrying lead. This is
sometimes called
impedance balanced
.
Bandwidth — The band of frequencies that pass through a device with a loss of less than 3 dB, expressed
inHertz[Hz]orinmusicaloctaves.AlsoseeQ.
Channel—Afunctionalpathinanaudiocircuit:aninputchannel,anoutputchannel,theiPadchannel,
an FX channel and so on.
Channel Strip—Anaudiochannelconsistingofalong,verticalstrip.
Clipping—Aformofsevereaudiodistortionthatresultsfrompeaksoftheaudiosignalattempting
to rise above the capabilities of the amplier circuit. Seen on an oscilloscope, the audio peaks appear
clipped o. To avoid clipping, reduce the system gain in or before the gain stage in which the clipping
occurs.Alsoseeheadroom.
Compressor — This is a dynamic processor used to smooth out any large transient peaks in an audio
signal that might otherwise overload your system or cause distortion. The amplitude threshold and
other parameters such as attack time, release time, and tire pressure are adjustable.