FORWARD
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E
/F
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1
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s
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1
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21A
ETF
s
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21M
RF IN l
-
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1
b
EDF\r
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5
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E
E
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IIA
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LF
SF
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‘22A
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l
U
T
A
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s
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IlM
ERF
I
s
12A
I
I
I
PORT 1
PORT 2
REVERSE
I
I
I
s
21A
I
ERR
‘22M
1
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l
I
I
ESR
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‘12M
ELF!
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dEDP
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1
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TR
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’
12A
I 1
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.
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XR
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pg663d
Figure 6-46. Full Two-Port Error Model
F’igure
6-47 shows the full two-port error model equations for all four S-parameters of a
two-port device. Note that the mathematics for this comprehensive model use all forward and
reverse error terms and measured values. Thus, to perform full error-correction for any one
parameter, all four S-parameters must be measured.
Applications of these error models are provided in the calibration procedures described in
Chapter 5, “Optimizing Measurement Results.
n
6-70
Application and Operation Concepts
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