Table 4-1 Static electricity occurrence based on activity and humidity
Relative humidity
Event 55% 40% 10%
Walking across carpet
Walking across vinyl floor
Motions of bench worker
Removing dual in-line packages (DIPs) from plastic tube
7,500 V
3,000 V
400 V
400 V
15,000 V
5,000 V
800 V
700 V
35,000 V
12,000 V
6,000 V
2,000 V
Removing DIPs from vinyl tray
Removing DIPs from polystyrene foam
Removing bubble pack from PCB (printed circuit board)
Packing PCBs in foam-lined box
2,000 V
3,500 V
7,000 V
5,000 V
4,000 V
5,000 V
20,000 V
11,000 V
11,500 V
14,500 V
26,500 V
21,000 V
Multiple electric components can be packaged together in plastic tubes, trays, or polystyrene foam.
NOTE: As little as 700 V of static electricity can degrade a product.
Preventing electrostatic damage to equipment
Many electronic components are sensitive to ESD. Circuitry design and structure determine the degree
of sensitivity.
The following packaging and grounding precautions are necessary to prevent static electricity damage
to electronic components:
● To avoid hand contact, transport products in static-safe containers such as tubes, bags, or boxes.
● Protect all electrostatic parts and assemblies with conductive or approved containers or packaging.
● Keep electrostatic-sensitive parts in their containers until they arrive at static-free stations.
● Place items on a grounded surface before removing them from their container.
● Always be properly grounded when touching a sensitive component or assembly.
● Avoid contact with pins, leads, or circuitry.
● Place reusable electrostatic-sensitive parts from assemblies in protective packaging or conductive
foam.
Personal grounding methods and equipment
Using certain equipment can prevent static electricity damage to electronic components.
● Wrist straps are flexible straps with a maximum of 1 MΩ ±10% resistance in the ground cords. To
provide proper ground, a strap must be worn snug against bare skin. The ground cord must be
connected and fit snugly into the banana plug connector on the grounding mat or workstation.
● You can use heel straps, toe straps, and boot straps at standing workstations. These straps are
compatible with most types of shoes or boots. On conductive floors or dissipative floor mats, use
them on both feet with a maximum of 1 MΩ ±10% resistance between the operator and ground.
30
Chapter 4 Removal and replacement procedures preliminary requirements
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