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6485
Keithley 6485 User Manual
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10-14
Status Structure
Model 6485 Picoammeter Instruction Manual
Figure 10-6
Measurement event status
ROF
(B7)
LP
(B5)
HL2F
(B4)
LL2F
(B3)
HL1F
(B2)
OR
BFL = Buffer Full
BA
V = Buffer A
vailable
ROF = Reading Overflow
RA
V = Reading A
vailable
LP = Limits Pass
IOV = Input Ov
ervoltage
& = Logical AND
OR = Logical OR
&
&
&
&
&
(B0)
&
128
(2
7
)
32
(2
5
)
16
(2
4
)
8
(2
3
)
4
(2
2
)
2
(2
1
)
Decimal
W
eights
RA
V
(B6)
(B15 - B11)
[:EVENt]?
64
(2
6
)
BFL
(B9)
BA
V
(B8)
&
&
&
LL1F
(B1)
ROF
(B7)
LP
(B5)
HL2F
(B4)
LL2F
(B3)
HL1F
(B2)
Measurement
Condition Register
(B0)
RA
V
(B6)
(B15 - B11)
:CONDition?
BFL
(B9)
BA
V
(B8)
LL1F
(B1)
Measurement
Event Register
ROF
(B7)
LP
(B5)
HL2F
(B4)
LL2F
(B3)
HL1F
(B2)
(B0)
RA
V
(B6)
(B15 - B11)
BFL
(B9)
BA
V
(B8)
LL1F
(B1)
512
(2
9
)
256
(2
8
)
HL2F = High Limit 2 Fail
LL2F = Low Limit 2 Fail
HL1F = High Limit 1 Fail
LL1F = Low Limit 1 Fail
:ENABle <NRf>
:ENABle?
Measurement Event
Enable Register
T
o MSB bit
of Status Byte
Register
IOV
(B10)
IOV
(B10)
IOV
(B10)
1024
(2
10
)
&
151
153
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
7
List of Tables
21
9 Remote Operation
22
Getting Started
25
Introduction
26
Overview of this Manual
26
General Information
27
Contact Information
27
Inspection for Damage
27
Safety Symbols and Terms
27
Unpacking and Inspection
27
Warranty Information
27
Handling Precautions
28
Input Cables, Connectors, and Adapters
28
Options and Accessories
28
Package Content
28
Carrying Case
29
GPIB and Trigger Link Cables and Adapters
29
Instruction Manual
29
Rack Mount Kits
29
Additional References
30
Features
30
Front and Rear Panel Familiarization
30
Front Panel Summary
30
Figure 1-1 Front Panel
31
Rear Panel Summary
32
Figure 1-2 Rear Panel
33
Analog Output
34
Figure 1-3 Typical Analog Output Connections
35
Display
36
Status and Error Messages
36
Power-Up
36
Line Power Connection
36
Front Panel Procedure
37
Line Frequency
37
SCPI Programming - Line Frequency
37
Power-Up Sequence
38
Default Settings
39
Front Panel Setup Operation
39
To Restore any Setup
39
To Save a User Setup
39
To Select Power-On Setup
39
Remote Setup Operation
40
Restoring Factory or GPIB Default Setups
40
Saving and Restoring User Setups
40
Selecting Power-On Setup
40
Menu
42
SCPI Programming
42
Optional Command Words
43
Query Commands
43
Measurement Concepts
45
Measurement Overview
46
Performance Considerations
46
Autozero
46
Warm-Up Period
46
SCPI Programming
47
System:azero[:State] <B
47
Connection Fundamentals
47
Input Connector
47
Figure 2-1 BNC Input Connector
48
Maximum Input Levels
48
Figure 2-2 Maximum Input Levels
49
Low Noise Input Cables
49
Basic Connections to DUT
50
Connections
50
Figure 2-3 Basic Connections
50
Voltages Greater than 220V
50
Figure 2-4 Shielding for Measurements (Unguarded)
52
Input Voltage Overload (OVRVOLT Message)
53
Test Fixture
53
Connectors, Terminals, and Internal Wiring
54
Guard Plate
54
Handling and Cleaning Test Fixtures
54
Test Fixture Chassis
54
Input Protection
55
Floating Measurements
56
Zero Check and Zero Correct
57
Zero Check
57
Zero Correct
58
A) System:zcorrect:acquire
59
SCPI Programming - Zero Check and Zero Correct
59
B) System:zcorrect[:State] <B
60
Measurement Considerations
60
Measurements
61
Measurement Overview
62
Procedure
62
Step 1. Enable Zero Check
63
Step 2. Perform Zero Correction
63
Step 3. Select a Manual Measurement Range or Enable Auto Range
63
Step 4. Connect the Current to be Measured to the Picoammeter
63
Step 5. Disable Zero Check and Take a Reading from the Display
63
Figure 3-1 Connections for Amps
64
SCPI Programming
65
A) Sense:data
65
Programming Example
65
Range, Units, Digits, Rate, and Filters
68
Range, Units, and Digits
68
Autoranging
68
Manual Ranging
68
Range
68
Autorange Limits
69
Digits
69
Units
69
Programming Example - Range and Digits
70
SCPI Programming - Range and Digits
70
Rate
71
SCPI Programming - Rate
72
Programming Example - Rate
73
Filters
73
Median Filter
73
Digital Filter
74
Digital Filter Classifications
74
Digital Filter Types
74
Median Filter Control
74
Figure 4-2 Digital Filter; Averaging and Advanced Classifications
75
Operation Consideration
76
Response Time
76
Digital Filter Control
77
SCPI Programming - Filters
78
Relative, MX+B, M/X+B (Reciprocal), and Log Relative
80
Setting and Controlling Relative
80
REL Key
80
Displaying or Manually Keying in REL
81
SCPI Programming - Relative
82
Programming Example - Relative
83
MX+B, M/X+B (Reciprocal), and Logarithmic
83
Configuring and Controlling MX+B and M/X+B
83
MX+B and M/X+B
83
Logarithmic
84
A) :DATA? and :Data:latest
85
SCPI Programming - MX+B, M/X+B, and Log
85
Programming Example - MX+B
86
Buffer
87
Buffer Operations
88
Store
88
Figure 6-1 Buffer Locations
89
Recall
89
Buffer Statistics
90
Buffer Timestamps
90
SCPI Programming
91
Programming Example
94
Triggering
95
Trigger Models
96
Figure 7-2 Trigger Model — Remote Operation
97
Idle and Initiate
98
Trigger Model Operation
98
Event Detectors and Control Sources
99
Measure Action
100
Trigger Delay
100
Counters
101
Output Triggers
101
Trigger Model Configuration - Front Panel
101
SCPI Programming
103
Programming Example
105
External Triggering
105
Input Trigger Requirements
106
Output Trigger Specifications
106
External Trigger Example
107
Figure 7-7 DUT Test System
107
Figure 7-8 Trigger Link Connections
108
Figure 7-9 Operation Model for Triggering Example
109
Limit Tests
111
Limit Testing
112
Figure 8-1 Limit Tests
112
Figure 8-2 Limit Tests Example
112
Figure 8-3 Operation Model for Limit Test
114
Front Panel Operation
115
Arm Layer Configuration Menu
115
Limit Test Configuration
115
Limits Configuration Menu
115
Perform Limit Tests
116
Step 1. Configure Test System
116
Step 2. Configure Measurement
116
Step 3. Configure Limit Tests
116
Step 4. Start Testing Process
116
Step 5. Stop Testing Process
116
SCPI Programming
117
Programming Example
118
Remote Operation
119
Selecting and Configuring an Interface
120
Interfaces
120
Languages
120
Configuring the GPIB Interface
121
Interface Selection and Configuration Procedures
121
RS-232 Interface
121
GPIB Operation and Reference
122
GPIB Bus Connections
122
GPIB Bus Standards
122
Figure 9-1 IEEE-488 Connector
123
Figure 9-3 IEEE-488 Connector Location
124
Commands and Associated Statements
125
General IEEE-488 Bus Commands
125
Primary Address
125
REN (Remote Enable)
125
DCL (Device Clear)
126
GTL (Go to Local)
126
IFC (Interface Clear)
126
LLO (Local Lockout)
126
SDC (Selective Device Clear)
126
Error and Status Messages
127
Front Panel GPIB Operation
127
GET (Group Execute Trigger)
127
GPIB Status Indicators
127
SPE, SPD (Serial Polling)
127
Command Words
128
LOCAL Key
128
Programming Syntax
128
Case Sensitivity
130
Long-Form and Short-Form Versions
130
Query Commands
130
Short-Form Rules
130
Program Messages
131
Single Command Messages
131
Command Path Rules
132
Multiple Command Messages
132
Using Common Commands and SCPI Commands in the same Message
132
Command Execution Rules
133
Multiple Response Messages
133
Program Message Terminator (PMT)
133
Response Messages
133
Sending a Response Message
133
Message Exchange Protocol
134
Response Message Terminator (RMT)
134
RS-232 Interface Reference
134
RS-232 Settings
134
Sending and Receiving Data
134
Baud Rate
135
Data and Stop Bits
135
Flow Control (Signal Handshaking)
135
Parity
135
Terminator
135
RS-232 Connections
136
Error Messages
137
Status Structure
139
Overview
140
Figure 10-1 6485 Status Mode Structure
141
Clearing Registers and Queues
142
Programming and Reading Registers
143
Programming Enable Registers
143
Figure 10-2 16-Bit Status Register
144
Reading Registers
144
Status Byte and Service Request (SRQ)
145
Service Request Enable Register
146
Status Byte Register
146
Serial Polling and SRQ
147
SPE, SPD (Serial Polling)
147
Status Byte and Service Request Commands
147
Programming Example - Set MSS (B6) When Error Occurs
148
Status Register Sets
148
Register Bit Descriptions
148
Standard Event Status
148
Figure 10-4 Standard Event Status
149
Figure 10-5 Operation Event Status
150
Operation Event Status
150
Measurement Event Status
151
Figure 10-6 Measurement Event Status
152
Condition Registers
153
Questionable Event Status
153
Event Registers
154
Event Enable Registers
155
Programming Example - Program and Read Registers
156
Queues
156
Error Queue
156
Output Queue
156
Programming Example - Read Error Queue
158
Common Commands
159
SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands
165
11 Common Commands
170
12 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands
170
13 Display, Format, and System
170
Display, Format, and System
169
Display Subsystem
170
Table 13-1 SCPI Commands - Display
170
Format Subsystem
171
Figure 13-1 ASCII Data Format
172
Figure 13-2 IEEE-754 Single Precision Data Format (32 Data Bits)
173
System Subsystem
176
Table 13-3 SCPI Commands - System
176
Figure 13-3 Key-Press Codes
178
14 SCPI Reference Tables
179
SCPI Reference Tables
179
Table 14-1 Calculate Command Summary
179
Table 14-2 Display Command Summary
179
Table 14-3 Format Command Summary
179
Table 14-4 Sense Command Summary
179
Table 14-5 Status Command Summary
179
Table 14-6 System Command Summary
179
Table 14-7 Trace Command Summary
179
Table 14-8 Trigger Command Summary
179
General Notes
180
Performance Verification
191
Environmental Conditions
192
Introduction
192
Verification Test Requirements
192
Line Power
193
Recommended Test Equipment
193
Warm-Up Period
193
Calibrator Voltage Calculations
195
Example Reading Limits Calculation
195
Verification Limits
195
Performing the Verification Test Procedures
196
Restoring Factory Defaults
196
Test Considerations
196
20Ma-20Ma Range Accuracy
197
Current Measurement Accuracy
197
Offset Voltage Calibration
197
2Na-2Ma Range Accuracy
198
Figure 15-1 Connections for 20Μa to 20Ma Range Verification
198
Figure 15-2 Connections for 2Na to 2Μa Range Verification
200
16 Calibration
205
Calibration
201
Environmental Conditions
202
Introduction
202
Line Power
202
Temperature and Relative Humidity
202
Warm-Up Period
202
Calibration Considerations
203
Calibration Cycle
203
Recommended Calibration Equipment
203
Calibration Errors
204
Calibration Menu
205
Table 16-3 Calibration Menu
205
Aborting Calibration
206
Calibration Procedure
206
Current Calculations
206
Preparing for Calibration
206
20Ma-20Ma Range Calibration
207
Current Calibration
207
Offset Voltage Calibration
207
2Na-2Ma Range Calibration
209
Figure 16-1 Connections for 20Μa to 20Ma Range Calibration
209
Entering Calibration Dates and Saving Calibration
211
Calibration Support
212
Changing the Calibration Code
212
Locking out Calibration
212
Resetting the Calibration Code
212
Displaying Calibration Dates
213
Displaying the Calibration Count
213
17 Routine Maintenance
216
Routine Maintenance
215
Introduction
216
Setting Line Voltage and Replacing Line Fuse
216
Table 17-1 Line Fuse Ratings
216
Figure 17-1 Line Fuse Location
217
Front Panel Tests
217
Table 17-2 Front Panel Tests
217
DISP Test
218
KEY Test
218
Specifications
219
B Status and Error Messages
223
Status and Error Messages
221
Table B-1 Status and Error Messages
223
General Measurement Considerations
227
Ground Loops
228
Measurement Considerations
228
Piezoelectric and Stored Charge Effects
229
Triboelectric Effects
229
Electrochemical Effects
230
Electrostatic Interference
230
Humidity
230
Light
230
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI
231
Magnetic Fields
231
DDC Emulation Commands
233
DDC Language
234
Figure D-1 U0 Status Word
242
Figure D-2 U1 Status Word
243
Figure D-3 U2 Status Word
244
Status Byte Format
244
Figure D-4 Status Byte Format
246
Example Programs
247
1000 Readings/Second into Internal Buffer
248
Programming Examples
248
900 Readings/Second to IEEE-488 Bus
249
D DDC Emulation Commands
261
F IEEE-488 Bus Overview
261
IEEE-488 Bus Overview
251
Bus Description
252
Introduction
252
Bus Lines
254
Bus Management Lines
255
Data Lines
255
Handshake Lines
255
Bus Commands
256
Uniline Commands
259
Universal Multiline Commands
259
Address Commands
260
Addressed Multiline Commands
260
Unaddress Commands
260
Command Codes
261
Common Commands
261
SCPI Commands
261
Table F-2 Command Codes
261
Typical Command Sequences
262
IEEE Command Groups
263
Table F-6 IEEE Command Groups
263
Interface Function Codes
264
G IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information
269
IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information
268
Introduction
268
GPIB 488.1 Protocol
269
Table G-2 Coupled Commands
269
Protocol Differences
270
Selecting the 488.1 Protocol
270
Message Exchange Protocol (MEP
271
NRFD Hold-Off
271
Using SCPI-Based Programs
271
NDAC Hold-Off
272
General Operation Notes
273
Message Available
273
SRQ When Buffer Fills with 200 Readings
273
Trigger-On-Talk
273
Figure G-2 Program Example
274
Remote Calibration
275
Calibration Commands
276
Introduction
276
Remote Calibration Overview
277
Applications Guide
279
Leakage Currents and Guarding
280
Measurement Considerations
280
Input Bias Current
281
Voltage Burden
281
Voltage Offset Correction Procedure
282
Noise and Source Impedance
283
Source Resistance
283
Source Capacitance
284
Electrostatic Interference and Shielding
285
Figure I-4 Electrostatic Coupling
286
Figure I-5 Shielding a High Impedance Device
287
Making Connections
288
Shielding Vs. Guarding
288
Figure I-8 Proper Connection
289
Figure I-9 Improper Connection
290
Typical Range Change Transients
290
Up-Range Input Response
291
Down-Range Voltage Transients Are Smaller
292
Figure I-11 Transient Voltage
292
Down-Range by Starting at Highest Current Necessary
293
Run Test with a Fixed Range
293
Steps to Minimize Impact of Range Change Transients
293
Reduce Up-Ranging Transient
294
Using Protection Circuitry
294
Zero Check on / off Response
294
Figure I-13 Zero Check Transient
295
Applications
296
Applications Guide
296
Connections; Diode Leakage Current Test
296
Diode Leakage Current
296
Capacitor Leakage Current
297
Connections; Capacitor Leakage Current Test
297
Figure
297
Figure
298
Measuring High Resistance Using the 6485
298
Connections; Cable Insulation Resistance Test
299
Figure
299
Connections; Surface Insulation Resistance Test
300
Figure
300
Figure
301
General Photo Diode Leakage
301
Avalanche Photo Diode Leakage
302
Figure
302
Figure I-21 PIN Photo Diode Leakage
302
Figure I-23 Basic Connection Scheme
303
Focused Ion Beam Applications
303
Focused Ion Beam Signal Connections
304
Using Switching Systems to Measure Multiple Current Sources
304
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Keithley 6485 Specifications
General
Brand
Keithley
Model
6485
Category
Measuring Instruments
Language
English
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